Seasonal dynamics, size distribution profiles, and regional respiratory deposition risks of indoor and outdoor residential bioaerosols in Pune, India

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Aerobiologia Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI:10.1007/s10453-026-09940-x

Akshay Kale, P. Gursumeeran Satsangi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the seasonal dynamics, size-fractionated profiles, and respiratory health risks of airborne bioaerosols in indoor and outdoor residential environments in Pune, India. Using a viable cascade impactor during winter and summer, we characterised the personal exposure of children and adults based on regional deposition within the respiratory tract. Results indicated that indoor and outdoor bacterial concentrations peaked in summer (3097 ± 354 and 2438 ± 566 CFU m⁻³) compared to winter (2131 ± 85 and 1534 ± 439 CFU m⁻³). Similarly, indoor and outdoor fungal aerosols showed higher summer concentrations (167 ± 60 and 205 ± 43 CFU m⁻³) than winter (54 ± 14 and 90 ± 39 CFU m⁻³). Size distribution analysis revealed that bacterial aerosols were predominantly associated with stage 3 (3.3–4.7 µm) in winter and summer. In contrast, fungal aerosols shifted from stage 5 (2.1–1.1 µm) in winter and stage 3 (3.3–4.7 µm) in summer. The highest respirable microbial load was calculated for adults during summer (13.0 ± 2.6 × 10³ CFU day⁻¹). Simulated respiratory dosimetry configurations demonstrated that child exposure models under nasal inhalation parameters yielded a 34–36% reduction in deep lung AL deposition compared to the oral breathing route. Although the hazard index remained below unity, potential biological health burdens cannot be entirely ignored. This work establishes a regional baseline data set supporting localised exposure research and future indoor air quality guidelines.

Graphical abstract

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印度浦那室内和室外住宅生物气溶胶的季节动态、大小分布概况和区域呼吸沉积风险

本研究调查了印度浦那室内外居住环境中空气中生物气溶胶的季节性动态、大小分布特征和呼吸健康风险。在冬季和夏季使用可行的级联冲击器，我们根据呼吸道内的区域沉积特征描述了儿童和成人的个人暴露。结果表明，室内和室外细菌浓度夏季最高（3097±354和2438±566 CFU m−3），冬季最高（2131±85和1534±439 CFU m−3）。同样，室内和室外真菌气溶胶浓度夏季（167±60和205±43 CFU m−3）高于冬季（54±14和90±39 CFU m−3）。粒径分布分析显示，冬季和夏季细菌气溶胶主要与阶段3（3.3 ~ 4.7µm）相关。真菌气溶胶在冬季由第5阶段（2.1 ~ 1.1µm）转变为第3阶段（3.3 ~ 4.7µm）。夏季成人可呼吸微生物负荷最高（13.0±2.6 × 103 CFU day−1）。模拟呼吸剂量学配置表明，与口腔呼吸方式相比，鼻吸入参数下的儿童暴露模型可使深肺AL沉积减少34-36%。虽然危害指数仍低于1，但潜在的生物健康负担不能完全忽视。这项工作建立了一个区域基线数据集，支持局部暴露研究和未来的室内空气质量指南。图形抽象

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aerobiologia 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

15.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18-36 weeks

期刊介绍： Associated with the International Association for Aerobiology, Aerobiologia is an international medium for original research and review articles in the interdisciplinary fields of aerobiology and interaction of human, plant and animal systems on the biosphere. Coverage includes bioaerosols, transport mechanisms, biometeorology, climatology, air-sea interaction, land-surface/atmosphere interaction, biological pollution, biological input to global change, microbiology, aeromycology, aeropalynology, arthropod dispersal and environmental policy. Emphasis is placed on respiratory allergology, plant pathology, pest management, biological weathering and biodeterioration, indoor air quality, air-conditioning technology, industrial aerobiology and more. Aerobiologia serves aerobiologists, and other professionals in medicine, public health, industrial and environmental hygiene, biological sciences, agriculture, atmospheric physics, botany, environmental science and cultural heritage.