Improvement of riming process parameterization in the WRF model and its advantages in simulating precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

IF 9.6 1区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI:10.1038/s41612-026-01510-9

Kunjing Yang, Xiaoqi Xu, Chunsong Lu, Jinghua Chen, Jing Yang, Junjun Li, Kai Yang, Naifu Shao, Jian Li, Xingwen Jiang, Haoming Chen

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Abstract

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is characterized by frequent mixed-phase clouds, in which riming exerts a crucial control on precipitation formation. However, conventional bulk microphysics schemes generally ignore the regulatory impact of sub-grid liquid-ice mixing state on riming processes. This study improves the riming parameterization within the WRF Morrison scheme by adopting constant reduction coefficients and introducing a diagnostic mixing homogeneity parameter χ for snow and graupel, which varies with condensed water content and temperature. Reduced riming coefficients correct simulated precipitation distribution and spatial deviation, while χ-based dynamic regulation further optimizes temporal variation of regional precipitation, reducing RMSE by 23.8%. The modified scheme shows superior performance across all rainfall grades, particularly for heavy and torrential rain. Physically, χ inhibits excessive riming, maintains supercooled liquid droplets, and effectively alleviates the overestimation of surface precipitation. One-month simulations validate that considering liquid-ice mixing homogeneity markedly improves WRF precipitation simulation capability over the TP.

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WRF模式中轮辋过程参数化的改进及其在青藏高原降水模拟中的优势

青藏高原（TP）以频繁的混合相云为特征，其中环缘对降水的形成起着至关重要的控制作用。然而，传统的体微物理方案通常忽略了亚网格液冰混合状态对环化过程的调节作用。本文通过采用恒定折减系数，并引入雪和霰的诊断混合均匀性参数χ，改进了WRF Morrison方案中的边缘参数化，该参数随凝结水含量和温度的变化而变化。减少的边缘系数修正了模拟降水分布和空间偏差，而基于χ的动态调节进一步优化了区域降水的时间变化，RMSE降低了23.8%。改进后的方案在所有降雨等级中都表现出优越的性能，特别是在大雨和暴雨中。在物理上，χ抑制了过度的起皱，保持了液滴的过冷，有效地缓解了对地表降水的高估。一个月的模拟结果表明，考虑液冰混合均匀性显著提高了WRF在TP上的降水模拟能力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols. The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.