Finite-Difference Time-Domain Simulation of Wave Propagation in Space-Time-Varying Media: Derivation of schemes, extended framework, and illustrative examples.

IF 3.6 4区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1109/MAP.2025.3555843

Sajjad Taravati;Ahmed A. Kishk;George V. Eleftheriades

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Abstract

We present a comprehensive tutorial on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of space, time, and space-time-varying media, building upon our previous review by offering a detailed, step-by-step guide for numerical simulations. This manuscript emphasizes practical computational methodologies and examines the dynamic behavior of both TE and TM electromagnetic fields under oblique incidence on space-time-modulated gratings, in which electrical permittivity, magnetic permeability, and conductivity vary in both space and time. The article details the derivation of the FDTD schemes, including the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability condition, explicit formulations for TE and TM wave illuminations, and the implementation of appropriate boundary conditions. In addition, we extend the FDTD framework to incorporate nonlinear effects, thereby broadening its applicability to advanced applications in wireless communications, quantum technologies, and radars. Engaging illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the versatility and practical relevance of the approach.

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来源期刊

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

5.70%

发文量

186

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine actively solicits feature articles that describe engineering activities taking place in industry, government, and universities. All feature articles are subject to peer review. Emphasis is placed on providing the reader with a general understanding of either a particular subject or of the technical challenges being addressed by various organizations, as well as their capabilities to cope with these challenges. Articles presenting new results, review, tutorial, and historical articles are welcome, as are articles describing examples of good engineering. The technical field of interest of the Magazine is the same as the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, and includes the following: antennas, including analysis, design, development, measurement, and testing; radiation, propagation, and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with discrete and continuous media; and applications and systems pertinent to antennas, propagation, and sensing, such as applied optics, millimeter- and sub-millimeter-wave techniques, antenna signal processing and control, radio astronomy, and propagation and radiation aspects of terrestrial and space-based communication, including wireless, mobile, satellite, and telecommunications.