A First-in-Human study of AHB-137, an unconjugated antisense oligonucleotide, in healthy subjects and patients with chronic hepatitis B

Abstract

Background & Aims: AHB-137 is a novel ASO targeting a conserved region near the 3′ end of all HBV mRNA. This first-in-human phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antiviral efficacy in healthy subjects and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: Forty healthy subjects were randomized into four placebo-controlled single ascending dose (100-450 mg, 6:2 AHB-137:placebo) cohorts and one multiple-dose (MD; 300 mg, 6:2) cohort receiving four weekly subcutaneous doses with a Day 4 loading dose (5 doses). Twenty-four virally suppressed, HBeAg-negative CHB patients on stable nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy were enrolled: four in an open-label 300-mg MD cohort (5 doses) and 20 in two placebo-controlled 300-mg MD cohorts (4:1, stratified by baseline HBsAg), receiving an additional loading dose on Day 11 (6 doses). Results: Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 73% of healthy subjects and 71% of CHB patients and were primarily mild or moderate injection-site reactions and headaches. No treatment-related serious adverse events, discontinuations, or deaths were observed. PK profiles showed rapid absorption (T max 2.96-5.50 h), dose-proportional exposure, no significant accumulation, long terminal half-life (150-220 h), and minimal renal excretion. In CHB patients, AHB-137 treatment led to a rapid HBsAg decline (mean 0.7-1.0 log 10 IU/mL). HBsAg loss (<0.05 IU/mL) for at least one timepoint was observed in three patients, including two with baseline HBsAg <1 IU/mL and one with baseline HBsAg <1.5 IU/mL. Conclusions: In this Phase 1 study, AHB-137 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, predictable PK, and rapid and prolonged HBsAg reductions, supporting further evaluation of dosing and treatment duration in CHB.