Photodynamic Therapy for Facial Rejuvenation Combined Amber LED and Infrared Laser Irradiation: A Pilot Study Comparing ALA and MAL

Abstract

The skin performs essential functions between the internal and external environments of the human body, such as protection against microorganisms, substances and radiation, maintenance of body temperature, prevention of excessive water loss, and production of vitamin D. However, many of these functions are reduced with aging and can be accentuated in photoaged skin. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive technique used in the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, precancerous changes and for cosmetic purposes. Research on topical PDT suggests antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on keratinocytes, fibroblasts, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Therefore, this pilot study evaluated PDT on the face using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl 5-aminolevulinate (MAL), combined with amber LED and laser irradiation in women aged 40–55 years. PDT was effective in rejuvenating photoaged skin, reducing fine lines, smoothing wrinkles, and improving skin softness, firmness and sagging, with minimal side effects.