{"title":"Ameliorative effects of forskolin and pinitol on ethyl methanesulfonate-induced genotoxicity in somatic and germline cells of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Tamara M Mladenović, Sanja Lj Matić","doi":"10.1080/01480545.2026.2711641","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forskolin and pinitol are bioactive dietary compounds studied for several pharmacological properties. Considering their widespread therapeutic application and the limited information available regarding their genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic properties, the present study investigated whether commercially available forskolin and pinitol can induce DNA damage and/or protect DNA against damage induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test in germline and the alkaline comet assay in somatic cells were performed in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> to assess <i>in vivo</i> genotoxicity and DNA-protective effects against EMS-induced DNA damage. The SLRL assay demonstrated that neither forskolin nor pinitol induced genotoxic effects in <i>D. melanogaster</i> males. Both compounds significantly reduced EMS-induced sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, indicating a marked DNA-protective effect in germline cells. In the comet assay, no significant increase in DNA damage was observed following forskolin treatment, whereas pinitol induced moderate increases in the total comet score only at the highest concentration compared with the negative control, with values statistically significantly lower than those of the positive control. The greatest DNA-protective effect against EMS was observed following co-treatment with 0.5 mg/mL of forskolin or pinitol, resulting in percentage reductions of 94.2% and 80.5%, respectively. The findings suggest that forskolin and pinitol possess protective effects against EMS-induced DNA damage. Their DNA-protective capacity at non-genotoxic concentrations indicates potential chemopreventive properties and supports further investigation of their biological effects. These findings support further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying their protective effects and their potential application in the prevention and management of diseases associated with genomic instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11333,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2026.2711641","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Forskolin and pinitol are bioactive dietary compounds studied for several pharmacological properties. Considering their widespread therapeutic application and the limited information available regarding their genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic properties, the present study investigated whether commercially available forskolin and pinitol can induce DNA damage and/or protect DNA against damage induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test in germline and the alkaline comet assay in somatic cells were performed in Drosophila melanogaster to assess in vivo genotoxicity and DNA-protective effects against EMS-induced DNA damage. The SLRL assay demonstrated that neither forskolin nor pinitol induced genotoxic effects in D. melanogaster males. Both compounds significantly reduced EMS-induced sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, indicating a marked DNA-protective effect in germline cells. In the comet assay, no significant increase in DNA damage was observed following forskolin treatment, whereas pinitol induced moderate increases in the total comet score only at the highest concentration compared with the negative control, with values statistically significantly lower than those of the positive control. The greatest DNA-protective effect against EMS was observed following co-treatment with 0.5 mg/mL of forskolin or pinitol, resulting in percentage reductions of 94.2% and 80.5%, respectively. The findings suggest that forskolin and pinitol possess protective effects against EMS-induced DNA damage. Their DNA-protective capacity at non-genotoxic concentrations indicates potential chemopreventive properties and supports further investigation of their biological effects. These findings support further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying their protective effects and their potential application in the prevention and management of diseases associated with genomic instability.
期刊介绍：
Drug and Chemical Toxicology publishes full-length research papers, review articles and short communications that encompass a broad spectrum of toxicological data surrounding risk assessment and harmful exposure. Manuscripts are considered according to their relevance to the journal.
Topics include both descriptive and mechanics research that illustrates the risk assessment implications of exposure to toxic agents. Examples of suitable topics include toxicological studies, which are structural examinations on the effects of dose, metabolism, and statistical or mechanism-based approaches to risk assessment. New findings and methods, along with safety evaluations, are also acceptable. Special issues may be reserved to publish symposium summaries, reviews in toxicology, and overviews of the practical interpretation and application of toxicological data.
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