Influence of post-printing cleaning solutions on the occlusal wear and fracture resistance of 3D printed resin-based crowns after thermomechanical aging

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.017

Gökberk Koçer DDS, Gülce Çakmak DDS, PhD, Burak Yılmaz DDS, PhD, Volkan Şahin DDS, PhD

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Crowns were cleaned with 98% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 96% ethanol (ETA), a water-based solution (WTR), or a methyl-ether–based solution (SLV) (<em>n</em>=20 per subgroup). Half of the specimens in each subgroup (<em>n</em>=10) underwent thermomechanical aging and were used for occlusal wear analysis followed by fracture testing, whereas the remaining specimens (<em>n</em>=10) were used for fracture testing without aging. The crowns assigned to thermomechanical aging were scanned before and after aging, and maximum wear depth and volume loss were calculated using a 3D analysis software program. All specimens (N=160) were subjected to fracture testing, and the fracture load values were recorded. The data were analyzed using 2-way and 3-way factorial ANOVA models. 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All specimens (N=160) were subjected to fracture testing, and the fracture load values were recorded. The data were analyzed using 2-way and 3-way factorial ANOVA models. The Tukey post hoc test was applied for wear analyses, and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons based on estimated marginal means were used for fracture resistance (α=.05).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The TR resin showed significantly greater maximum wear depth and volume loss than the SR resin (<em>P</em><.001). SLV resulted in higher maximum wear depth compared with ETA and WTR (<em>P</em><.05), while cleaning solution did not significantly affect volume loss. Fracture load was significantly reduced after aging (<em>P</em><.001), and a significant 3-factor interaction was found (<em>P</em>=.004). Differences among cleaning solutions were observed only in aged SR specimens.</div></div><div>The TR resin showed significantly greater maximum wear depth and volume loss than the SR resin (<em>P</em><.001). 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Statement of problem

Evidence concerning the influence of post-printing cleaning solutions and thermomechanical aging on the fracture and wear resistance of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resin-based definitive crowns is limited.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of different post-printing cleaning solutions on the occlusal wear and fracture resistance of 3D printed resin-based crowns after thermomechanical aging.

Material and methods

Maxillary first molar crowns were fabricated from a urethane acrylate-based resin (TR) and a glass-filled composite-based resin (SR) (n=80 each). Crowns were cleaned with 98% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 96% ethanol (ETA), a water-based solution (WTR), or a methyl-ether–based solution (SLV) (n=20 per subgroup). Half of the specimens in each subgroup (n=10) underwent thermomechanical aging and were used for occlusal wear analysis followed by fracture testing, whereas the remaining specimens (n=10) were used for fracture testing without aging. The crowns assigned to thermomechanical aging were scanned before and after aging, and maximum wear depth and volume loss were calculated using a 3D analysis software program. All specimens (N=160) were subjected to fracture testing, and the fracture load values were recorded. The data were analyzed using 2-way and 3-way factorial ANOVA models. The Tukey post hoc test was applied for wear analyses, and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons based on estimated marginal means were used for fracture resistance (α=.05).

Results

The TR resin showed significantly greater maximum wear depth and volume loss than the SR resin (P<.001). SLV resulted in higher maximum wear depth compared with ETA and WTR (P<.05), while cleaning solution did not significantly affect volume loss. Fracture load was significantly reduced after aging (P<.001), and a significant 3-factor interaction was found (P=.004). Differences among cleaning solutions were observed only in aged SR specimens.

Conclusions

The SR resin demonstrated superior wear resistance compared with the TR resin. Cleaning solutions influenced maximum wear depth but did not affect volume loss. The effect of cleaning solutions on fracture resistance was dependent on both resin type and aging condition, with significant differences observed only in aged SR specimens.

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打印后清洗液对3D打印树脂基冠热老化后咬合磨损和抗断裂性能的影响

问题说明：关于打印后清洗溶液和热机械老化对三维（3D）打印树脂基终冠的断裂和耐磨性的影响的证据有限。目的：体外研究不同打印后清洁溶液对3D打印树脂基冠热机械老化后咬合磨损和抗断裂性能的影响。材料和方法：上颌第一磨牙冠分别由氨基甲酸酯基树脂（TR）和玻璃填充复合树脂（SR）制备，各80个。牙冠用98%异丙醇（IPA）、96%乙醇（ETA）、水基溶液（WTR）或甲基醚基溶液（SLV）清洗（每个亚组n=20）。每个亚组中有一半的试件（n=10）进行了热机械老化，并进行了咬合磨损分析和断裂测试，而剩余的试件（n=10）进行了未老化的断裂测试。在老化前后对热机械老化的牙冠进行扫描，并使用3D分析软件计算最大磨损深度和体积损失。所有试件（N=160）进行断裂试验，记录断裂载荷值。使用2-way和3-way因子方差分析模型对数据进行分析。磨损分析采用Tukey事后检验，断裂耐受性采用bonferroni校正两两比较（基于估计边际均值）（α= 0.05）。结果：TR树脂的最大磨损深度和体积损失明显大于SR树脂(p)。结论：SR树脂的耐磨性优于TR树脂。清洗溶液影响最大磨损深度，但不影响体积损失。清洗溶液对抗断裂性能的影响取决于树脂类型和时效条件，仅在时效SR试样中观察到显著差异。

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来源期刊

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.00%

发文量

599

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the leading professional journal devoted exclusively to prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The Journal is the official publication for 24 leading U.S. international prosthodontic organizations. The monthly publication features timely, original peer-reviewed articles on the newest techniques, dental materials, and research findings. The Journal serves prosthodontists and dentists in advanced practice, and features color photos that illustrate many step-by-step procedures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is included in Index Medicus and CINAHL.