Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Accompanied by Eosinophilia and Basophilia.

Abstract

Background: The aim was to explore the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods and prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) accompanied by eosinophilia and basophilia.

Methods: The clinical data of a patient with MDS accompanied by eosinophilia and basophilia were retrospectively analyzed, including the patient's clinical manifestations, blood routine, bone marrow image, flow cytometry, and molecular biological examination results, and discussed in combination with relevant literature.

Results: The patient is a middle-aged female who was admitted to the hospital due to fatigue and dizziness for more than two months. The blood routine test indicated pancytopenia, an increased percentage of eosinophils, and an increased percentage of basophils. The bone marrow image showed active proliferation of nucleated cells, obvious pathological hematopoiesis can be seen, and the proportion of eosinophils and basophils increased. Flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of myeloid primitive naive cells increased, the expression of CD34 was enhanced, the expression of CD117 in some cells was weakened, the phenotype was abnormal. The proportion of granulocytes decreased, the proportion of eosinophils and basophils increased, and the expression of CD36 in some erythroid cells was weakened. Molecular biology examination revealed mutations in the IDH1 gene, SRSF2 gene, SETBP1 gene, ETV6 gene, ASXL1 gene and DNMT3A gene. Based on the patient's clinical manifestations and various examination results, the diagnosis was myelodysplastic syndrome with increased eosinophils and basophils. After the corresponding treatment was given, the patient's symptoms were relieved and the blood routine indicators improved compared with before.

Conclusions: MDS accompanied by eosinophilia and basophilia is a rare type of leukemia. Clinical manifestations are not specific. Diagnosis requires a combination of blood routine, bone marrow image, flow cytometry, and molecular biological examination. This type of patient has a relatively poor prognosis, especially those with gene mutations. Early and clear diagnosis and the selection of appropriate treatment plans based on the stratification of patients' risk levels, are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients.