Model of a liquid as a low-stable structured system

Abstract

The physical concept of structure-phase states of water and aqueous solutions low stable to external impacts is developed. It allows one to understand physics of various effects observed in water and aqueous solutions. An analysis of the thermodynamic and phase low stable physical system allows an adequate mechanism of system transition to a new structure-phase state to be proposed under a weak external impact (temperature, pressure, or dynamic loading in the form of stirring or intensive hashing). In spite of the fact that the external impact is weak, it can lead to considerable structure-phase changes of the system state, since the structural units in the initial and in final states are close thermodynamically, but can essentially differ by their structure-phase features and symmetries. In particular, it allows the role of external impacts (temperature, mechanical stirring, etc.) in the Epstein effect to be explained.