Association between serum vitamin D3 levels and gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin and N-terminal telopeptide levels in periodontal health and disease.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D3 levels and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) osteocalcin and N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in periodontally healthy patients and those living with periodontitis.

Methodology: This study included 120 non-smoking males aged from 25 to 40 years (60 healthy patients and 60 with periodontitis). Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels: 0-10, 11-20, and 21-30 ng/mL. GCF samples were collected from the buccal sites of maxillary premolar or molar teeth. GCF osteocalcin and NTx levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and statistically analyzed.

Results: Total osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in healthy individuals than in those with periodontitis (p<0.001). The lowest osteocalcin levels were found in patients with periodontitis with 0-10 ng/mL vitamin D3 (p=0.001). Total NTx levels showed no significant differences between groups (p=0.148), but among healthy individuals, NTx decreased with increasing vitamin D3 (p=0.049).

Conclusion: Patients with periodontitis and severe vitamin D3 deficiency showed the lowest GCF osteocalcin levels, suggesting that vitamin D3 deficiency may be associated with further alterations in local bone turnover activity in periodontal disease. Further studies are needed to explain these relationships.ClinicalTrials.gov (Trial ID: NCT06871631).