Infections detected in women with pelvic inflammatory disease: a retrospective case series.

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Sexually Transmitted Infections Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI:10.1136/sextrans-2026-056959

Kay Htaik, Catriona S Bradshaw, Erica L Plummer, Laura Grimminck Matthews, Nishtha Malhotra, Natasha L Wild, Eric P F Chow, Lenka A Vodstrcil

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are established causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), but up to 70% of cases with PID have neither infection detected. We determined the prevalence of and trends in Mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis (BV) detection among women with non-C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae PID to inform testing and treatment strategies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series to determine the number of cases with PID (defined by presence of a minimum of uterine, adnexal or cervical motion tenderness) with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium and/or BV detected between 2014 and 2024 at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC). We examined trends in testing and detection of each infection over time and, among cases with PID tested for all four infections, determined the proportion with each infection detected.

Results: There were 3000 cases with PID during the study period. Over the 11 years, the proportion of cases with PID tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was stable and high, with rises in their detection (range=7%-19%, P_trend=0.021; 1%-7%, P_trend<0.001, respectively). Both the proportion tested for BV and M. genitalium (89%-95%, 91%-97%, P_trend=<0.001, respectively) and with BV and M. genitalium detected (22%-37%, 6%-14%, P_trend<0.001, respectively) significantly increased over time. Among 2557 (85%) cases tested for all four infections, 927 (36%) had 1 and 256 (10%) had >1 infection detected. Among 2149 (84%) non-C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae cases with PID, 26% had BV, 6% had M. genitalium and 4% were co-infected with BV and M. genitalium; >50% had none of the infections detected.

Conclusions: In this retrospective study of cases with PID attending MSHC between 2014 and 2024, C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae were detected in <20% of all cases. Among non-C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae cases with PID, BV and M. genitalium detection was common and increased over time. Prospective case-control and sequencing studies are needed to determine the aetiologic contribution of BV, M. genitalium and other additional candidate organisms to PID.

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盆腔炎妇女感染：回顾性病例系列

目的：沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌是盆腔炎（PID）的确定病因，但高达70%的盆腔炎病例没有检测到感染。我们确定了非c型女性生殖道支原体和细菌性阴道病（BV）检测的患病率和趋势。trachomatis / N。为检测和治疗策略提供信息。方法：我们对2014年至2024年在墨尔本性健康中心（MSHC）检测到的伴有沙眼衣原体、淋病乳杆菌、生殖器支原体和/或生殖道感染的盆腔炎（通过存在最小的子宫、附件或宫颈运动压痛来定义）的病例进行了回顾性研究。随着时间的推移，我们检查了每种感染的检测和检测趋势，并且在所有四种感染都检测了PID的病例中，确定了每种感染检测到的比例。结果：研究期间共有3000例PID患者。11年来，沙眼衣原体和淋病奈索菌的PID检测比例稳定且较高，检出率呈上升趋势（范围=7% ~ 19%,Ptrend=0.021; 1% ~ 7%, PtrendM）。生殖器（89% ~ 95%,91% ~ 97%，p趋势=M）；生殖器检出（22% ~ 37%,6% ~ 14%），检出Ptrend1感染。2149例（84%）非c。trachomatis / N。感染PID的淋病患者中，细菌性阴道炎26%，生殖道支原体6%，细菌性阴道炎和生殖道支原体合并感染4%；50%没有检测到任何感染。结论：在2014年至2024年期间参加MSHC的PID病例的回顾性研究中，沙眼衣原体和/或淋病奈索菌在沙眼衣原体/奈索菌中检测到。伴有PID、BV和生殖器分枝杆菌检测的淋病病例很常见，并且随着时间的推移而增加。需要前瞻性病例对照和测序研究来确定细菌性阴道炎、生殖支原体和其他其他候选生物对PID的病因学贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sexually Transmitted Infections 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Sexually Transmitted Infections is the world’s longest running international journal on sexual health. It aims to keep practitioners, trainees and researchers up to date in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of all STIs and HIV. The journal publishes original research, descriptive epidemiology, evidence-based reviews and comment on the clinical, public health, sociological and laboratory aspects of sexual health from around the world. We also publish educational articles, letters and other material of interest to readers, along with podcasts and other online material. STI provides a high quality editorial service from submission to publication.