A Novel waterproofing agent for conservation of masonry architectural heritage: enhancing hydrophobic properties and anti-erosion capabilities

Abstract

Porous construction materials such as brick, stone, and mortar, commonly observed in masonry architectural heritage, are vulnerable to water-induced degradation, including through dry–wet cycles, freeze–thaw cycles, and chemical erosion. To mitigate these effects and enhance the durability of masonry materials, a novel silane–based waterproofing emulsion was synthesized using isobutyltriethoxysilane and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane as key components. The emulsion’s performance was systematically assessed through color difference analysis, water contact angle measurements, capillary water absorption tests, and durability evaluations. Results indicated that the waterproofing emulsion induced negligible color variation while markedly increasing surface hydrophobicity, reducing water absorption, and improving resistance to both dry–wet and freeze–thaw damage. These findings demonstrate the potential of silane–based emulsions as a viable waterproofing strategy for the conservation of masonry architectural heritage while maintaining material compatibility.