A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by its symptomatology heterogeneity, which poses challenges for its assessment and treatment. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed as a promising method for gathering information and may offer advantages over retrospective methods. The present study aims to conduct a systematic review of the use of EMA in OCD, examining the main variables assessed, methodological considerations, and the advantages of EMA compared with retrospective measures to assess OCD. The systematic search was conducted using databases including Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycNET, and Cochrane Library. Of the identified studies, 28 met the inclusion criteria. These studies focused on the assessment of obsessions, compulsions, experiential avoidance, and sleep, with compulsions being the most studied variable. The studies reveal diverse EMA methods, with traditional paper recordings and smartphones differing in frequency and duration of the records. Some studies reported that EMA may serve as a valid and sensitive tool for detecting changes in OCD and overcome some limitations of retrospective assessments. Despite the potential of EMA, their validity is still questionable, and their application during intervention processes is limited, particularly given the heterogeneity of the available evidence and the limited application of EMA during intervention processes. Further research is essential to enhance their integration in clinical settings.