The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Recovery Measures and Performance: A Case Study From Ski Jumping.

IF 3.3 2区医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY

International journal of sports physiology and performance Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI:10.1123/ijspp.2026-0022

Emilie E Asp, Ola A Elfmark, Dionne A Noordhof

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Abstract

Athletes are advised to take an individualized approach when adjusting training and recovery to their menstrual cycle (MC), due to potential variation in the effect of the MC on training, recovery, and performance.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of MC phase, defined based on literature and symptom occurrence/severity, on recovery measures and performance in an elite female ski jumper.

Methods: A world-class female ski jumper collected data on her MC, MC-related symptoms, recovery measures (resting heart rate and heart rate variability), and performance. The MC was divided into menstrual bleeding (MB), days 1 to 5; premenstruation (PM), 1 to 4 days before the start of the next MC; and mid-phase (MP), the remaining days. Ski jumping results were recalculated to adjust for wind points and take-off speed to get a physical performance score (Spp). Data are reported as median (interquartile range).

Results: MC length was 24 days (20-26), and symptom severity of depressive and physical symptoms was highest during the last 2 days of the cycle. Resting heart rate was 45 (43-47) beats/min in MB, 47 (45-48) beats/min in MP, and 48 (45-49) beats/min in PM. Heart rate variability was 78 (67-82) ms in MB, 70 (65-76) ms in MP, and 74 (67-85) ms in PM. Performance data in normal hill and large hill followed somewhat opposite patterns, with a potentially better performance in normal hill and worse in large hill during PM.

Conclusion: Recovery measures and performance in individual athletes can be influenced by MC phase, with these seemingly being most influenced by cycle-related symptoms.

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月经周期阶段对恢复措施和表现的影响：以跳台滑雪为例。

由于月经周期对训练、恢复和表现的影响可能存在差异，建议运动员在根据月经周期调整训练和恢复时采取个性化的方法。目的：研究基于文献和症状发生/严重程度定义的MC阶段对优秀女子跳台滑雪运动员恢复措施和表现的影响。方法：一位世界级女子跳台滑雪运动员收集了她的心率、心率相关症状、恢复措施（静息心率和心率变异性）和表现的数据。MC分为月经出血（MB），第1 ~ 5天；经前（PM），下一次月经开始前1至4天；和中期（MP），剩下的日子。重新计算跳台滑雪结果，以调整风点和起飞速度，以获得物理表现评分（Spp）。数据以中位数（四分位数范围）报告。结果：MC持续时间为24 d(20-26)，抑郁症状和躯体症状的严重程度在周期的最后2 d最高。静息心率MB为45（43-47）次/分，MP为47（45-48）次/分，PM为48（45-49）次/分。心率变异性MB组为78 (67-82)ms， MP组为70 (65-76)ms， PM组为74 (67-85)ms。普通丘陵和大丘陵的性能数据遵循相反的模式，PM期间普通丘陵的性能可能更好，而大丘陵的性能可能更差。结论：运动员个人的恢复措施和表现可能受到MC阶段的影响，而这些似乎受周期相关症状的影响最大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International journal of sports physiology and performance PHYSIOLOGY-SPORT SCIENCES

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

199

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (IJSPP) focuses on sport physiology and performance and is dedicated to advancing the knowledge of sport and exercise physiologists, sport-performance researchers, and other sport scientists. The journal publishes authoritative peer-reviewed research in sport physiology and related disciplines, with an emphasis on work having direct practical applications in enhancing sport performance in sport physiology and related disciplines. IJSPP publishes 10 issues per year: January, February, March, April, May, July, August, September, October, and November.