Condensates on the Move: Midbody Remnants as Large, Translation-Competent Extracellular Vesicles

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-08-04 DOI:10.1002/bies.70168

Ahna R. Skop

{"title":"Condensates on the Move: Midbody Remnants as Large, Translation-Competent Extracellular Vesicles","authors":"Ahna R. Skop","doi":"10.1002/bies.70168","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent work has expanded understanding of extracellular vesicle (EV) biology by identifying midbody remnants (MBRs) as large, translationally competent vesicles released during mitosis. MBRs contain ribosomes, mitochondria, translation factors, and selected mRNAs and small RNAs concentrated within a condensate‑like ribonucleoprotein core and can support protein synthesis after extracellular release. These features distinguish MBRs from more extensively studied exosomes and microvesicles yet also place them within a broader continuum of large EVs with organelle‑rich, cell‑like properties. This review summarizes current knowledge of MBR biogenesis, molecular organization, and translation competency; contrasts MBRs with canonical EVs and other large EVs; and discusses possible roles in development, tissue homeostasis, disease, and brain function. Particular emphasis is placed on outstanding mechanistic and physiological questions, including how MBR translation is regulated, which recipient cells interact with endogenous MBRs, and whether translation‑competent EVs offer practical advantages over existing EV platforms for therapeutic or biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.70168","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BioEssays","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.70168","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Recent work has expanded understanding of extracellular vesicle (EV) biology by identifying midbody remnants (MBRs) as large, translationally competent vesicles released during mitosis. MBRs contain ribosomes, mitochondria, translation factors, and selected mRNAs and small RNAs concentrated within a condensate‑like ribonucleoprotein core and can support protein synthesis after extracellular release. These features distinguish MBRs from more extensively studied exosomes and microvesicles yet also place them within a broader continuum of large EVs with organelle‑rich, cell‑like properties. This review summarizes current knowledge of MBR biogenesis, molecular organization, and translation competency; contrasts MBRs with canonical EVs and other large EVs; and discusses possible roles in development, tissue homeostasis, disease, and brain function. Particular emphasis is placed on outstanding mechanistic and physiological questions, including how MBR translation is regulated, which recipient cells interact with endogenous MBRs, and whether translation‑competent EVs offer practical advantages over existing EV platforms for therapeutic or biotechnological applications.

查看原文本刊更多论文

移动中的凝聚物：作为大的、具有翻译能力的细胞外囊泡的中间残体

最近的研究扩大了对细胞外囊泡（EV）生物学的理解，将中间残体（mbr）鉴定为有丝分裂过程中释放的大的、具有翻译能力的囊泡。mbr含有核糖体、线粒体、翻译因子以及浓缩在凝析样核糖核蛋白核心内的精选mrna和小rna，可以支持细胞外释放后的蛋白质合成。这些特征将mbr与更广泛研究的外泌体和微泡区分开来，同时也将它们置于具有丰富细胞器和细胞样特性的大型ev的更广泛连续体中。本文综述了MBR生物发生、分子组织和翻译能力方面的最新研究进展；将mbr与典型电动汽车和其他大型电动汽车进行对比；并讨论了可能在发育、组织稳态、疾病和脑功能中的作用。特别强调的是突出的机制和生理问题，包括如何调节MBR翻译，受体细胞与内源性MBR相互作用，以及翻译能力强的EV是否比现有的EV平台在治疗或生物技术应用方面具有实际优势。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

BioEssays 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

2.50%

发文量

167

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： molecular – cellular – biomedical – physiology – translational research – systems - hypotheses encouraged BioEssays is a peer-reviewed, review-and-discussion journal. Our aims are to publish novel insights, forward-looking reviews and commentaries in contemporary biology with a molecular, genetic, cellular, or physiological dimension, and serve as a discussion forum for new ideas in these areas. An additional goal is to encourage transdisciplinarity and integrative biology in the context of organismal studies, systems approaches, through to ecosystems, where appropriate.