{"title":"Flame-Retardant Polylactic Acid Blends Incorporating Phosphorylated Chitosan and Halloysite Nanotubes","authors":"Baochai Li, Lingzhi Chen, Huijuan Sun, Aznizam Abu Bakar, Zurina Mohamad","doi":"10.1002/fam.70078","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with promising applications but suffers from high flammability and severe melt dripping. A condensed-phase flame-retardant system was developed by melt blending phosphorylated chitosan (PCS) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) into PLA. With a total loading of 9 wt% (8 wt% PCS and 1 wt% HNTs), the PLA/PCS/HNTs blend achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimetry results showed that the peak heat release rate (pHRR) decreased by 34.9% compared with neat PLA. The enhanced fire performance is mainly attributed to phosphorus-induced char formation from PCS and the reinforcement of the char layer by HNTs, which promotes the formation of a compact protective barrier during combustion. These findings demonstrate that the introduction of HNTs into PLA/PCS systems provides an effective strategy for improving the fire safety of PLA composites.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":12186,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Materials","volume":"50 5","pages":"613-622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fire and Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fam.70078","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/5/13 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with promising applications but suffers from high flammability and severe melt dripping. A condensed-phase flame-retardant system was developed by melt blending phosphorylated chitosan (PCS) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) into PLA. With a total loading of 9 wt% (8 wt% PCS and 1 wt% HNTs), the PLA/PCS/HNTs blend achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimetry results showed that the peak heat release rate (pHRR) decreased by 34.9% compared with neat PLA. The enhanced fire performance is mainly attributed to phosphorus-induced char formation from PCS and the reinforcement of the char layer by HNTs, which promotes the formation of a compact protective barrier during combustion. These findings demonstrate that the introduction of HNTs into PLA/PCS systems provides an effective strategy for improving the fire safety of PLA composites.
期刊介绍：
Fire and Materials is an international journal for scientific and technological communications directed at the fire properties of materials and the products into which they are made. This covers all aspects of the polymer field and the end uses where polymers find application; the important developments in the fields of natural products - wood and cellulosics; non-polymeric materials - metals and ceramics; as well as the chemistry and industrial applications of fire retardant chemicals.
Contributions will be particularly welcomed on heat release; properties of combustion products - smoke opacity, toxicity and corrosivity; modelling and testing.
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