Solubility Determination of p-Chloronitrobenzene in Thirteen Solvents, Equation Correlation, Thermodynamic Analysis, Molecular Simulations

IF 1.3 4区化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Solution Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-05-31 DOI:10.1007/s10953-026-01622-z

Xingchuan Yang, Lei Fan, Kangfei Lu, Hui Xiao, Zhuwen Liu, Guangwen Li, Yi Yu, Li Xu, Longfei Yang

{"title":"Solubility Determination of p-Chloronitrobenzene in Thirteen Solvents, Equation Correlation, Thermodynamic Analysis, Molecular Simulations","authors":"Xingchuan Yang, Lei Fan, Kangfei Lu, Hui Xiao, Zhuwen Liu, Guangwen Li, Yi Yu, Li Xu, Longfei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10953-026-01622-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solubility of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) in thirteen organic solvents was determined in accordance with the static equilibrium method over the temperature range from 278.15 K to 313.15 K at 1 atm. Experimental results demonstrated a positive correlation between temperature and the solubility data in all tested solvent systems. The experimental data were fitted and analyzed using 6 widely employed equations (van't Hoff, Apelblat, Yaws, <i>λh</i> and Wilson and NRTL), and the results indicated that Yaws equation is more suitable for correlating the solubility data. Subsequently, the van't Hoff equation was applied to calculate the apparent thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process, revealing that the dissolution of p-CNB is an enthalpy-driven, non-spontaneous and endothermic process. Materials Studio was utilized to optimize structures of both solute and solvent molecules, followed by mapping the electrostatic potential on the solute molecular surface to investigate the solvation behavior of p-CNB in the tested solvents. Additionally, the solute–solvent interaction energies were calculated, confirming that intermolecular interaction energy is a crucial factor influencing solubility. Finally, radial distribution functions (RDFs) of four representative straight-chain alcohol solvents were calculated, verifying a positive correlation between solute–solvent hydrogen-bond strength and solubility. This study provides valuable data support for the crystallization separation and purification of p-CNB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","volume":"55 8","pages":"1949 - 1970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10953-026-01622-z","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The solubility of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) in thirteen organic solvents was determined in accordance with the static equilibrium method over the temperature range from 278.15 K to 313.15 K at 1 atm. Experimental results demonstrated a positive correlation between temperature and the solubility data in all tested solvent systems. The experimental data were fitted and analyzed using 6 widely employed equations (van't Hoff, Apelblat, Yaws, λh and Wilson and NRTL), and the results indicated that Yaws equation is more suitable for correlating the solubility data. Subsequently, the van't Hoff equation was applied to calculate the apparent thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process, revealing that the dissolution of p-CNB is an enthalpy-driven, non-spontaneous and endothermic process. Materials Studio was utilized to optimize structures of both solute and solvent molecules, followed by mapping the electrostatic potential on the solute molecular surface to investigate the solvation behavior of p-CNB in the tested solvents. Additionally, the solute–solvent interaction energies were calculated, confirming that intermolecular interaction energy is a crucial factor influencing solubility. Finally, radial distribution functions (RDFs) of four representative straight-chain alcohol solvents were calculated, verifying a positive correlation between solute–solvent hydrogen-bond strength and solubility. This study provides valuable data support for the crystallization separation and purification of p-CNB.

查看原文本刊更多论文

对氯硝基苯在13种溶剂中的溶解度测定，方程关联，热力学分析，分子模拟

用静态平衡法测定了对氯硝基苯（p-CNB）在13种有机溶剂中的溶解度，温度范围为278.15 ~ 313.15 K，温度为1atm。实验结果表明，在所有被测溶剂体系中，温度与溶解度数据呈正相关。采用van't Hoff、Apelblat、Yaws、λh、Wilson和NRTL 6个常用方程对实验数据进行拟合和分析，结果表明Yaws方程更适合于溶解度数据的关联。随后，应用van't Hoff方程计算了溶解过程的表观热力学性质，揭示了p-CNB的溶解是一个焓驱动的非自发吸热过程。利用Materials Studio优化溶质分子和溶剂分子的结构，绘制溶质分子表面的静电势图，研究p-CNB在溶剂中的溶剂化行为。此外，还计算了溶质-溶剂相互作用能，证实了分子间相互作用能是影响溶解度的关键因素。最后，计算了四种代表性直链醇溶剂的径向分布函数，验证了溶质-溶剂氢键强度与溶解度之间的正相关关系。本研究为p-CNB的结晶分离纯化提供了有价值的数据支持。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Solution Chemistry 化学-物理化学

CiteScore

2.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Solution Chemistry offers a forum for research on the physical chemistry of liquid solutions in such fields as physical chemistry, chemical physics, molecular biology, statistical mechanics, biochemistry, and biophysics. The emphasis is on papers in which the solvent plays a dominant rather than incidental role. Featured topics include experimental investigations of the dielectric, spectroscopic, thermodynamic, transport, or relaxation properties of both electrolytes and nonelectrolytes in liquid solutions.