In vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal effects of selected acidifiers and antibacterial effects of essential oils used in poultry feed industry.

IF 0.9 4区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Iranian journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.22099/ijvr.2025.50380.7435

A Omidi, M Rahimi-Kakolaki, H Mosleh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Essential oils and organic acidifiers are used as natural antimicrobial substitutes for chemical additives in poultry feed. Pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli pose significant risks. While essential oils possess strong antibacterial and antifungal properties, commercial acidifiers (blends of formic, propionic, and lactic acids) are also commonly applied to reduce microbial contamination in feed. However, comparative data on their efficacy against key poultry pathogens remain limited.

Aims: ‏The present study investigates the antibacterial and antifungal effects of selected commonly used commercial acidifiers in poultry feed and also compares them with antibacterial effects of essential oils.

Methods: Antibacterial effects against Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli were evaluated for both five commercial acidifiers and essential oils (cinnamon, thyme, clove). Antifungal effects against Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated for acidifiers only. Microplate and agar-well diffusion methods were used. Acidifiers were tested at 1×, 2×, and 5× the manufacturer's recommended dose; essential oils at 2% and 5% (v/v). Sampling time points for feed pH and microbial counts were days 0, 7, and 21. All tests were performed in triplicate and repeated twice. The impact of acidifiers on feed pH was also evaluated.

Results: Acidifiers exhibited negligible inhibitory effects against target pathogens even at concentrations five times higher than recommended levels. In contrast, essential oils demonstrated significant inhibitory effects. Furthermore, the addition of acidifiers did not affect the pH of the feed.

Conclusions: The study underscores the potent antibacterial properties of cinnamon, thyme, and clove essential oils against common poultry pathogens. Comparatively, commercial acidifiers showed limited efficacy. Incorporating essential oils into poultry feed can enhance animal health and safety as effective substitutes for chemical additives. Further research is needed to optimize their use and maximize their antimicrobial benefits.

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家禽饲料工业中选用酸化剂的抑菌抑菌效果及精油抑菌效果的体外评价。

背景：在家禽饲料中，精油和有机酸化剂被用作化学添加剂的天然抗菌替代品。沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌等病原体构成重大风险。虽然精油具有很强的抗菌和抗真菌特性，但商业酸化剂（甲酸、丙酸和乳酸的混合物）也通常用于减少饲料中的微生物污染。然而，关于它们对主要家禽病原体的有效性的比较数据仍然有限。目的：本研究调查了家禽饲料中常用的商业酸化剂的抗菌和抗真菌效果，并将其与精油的抗菌效果进行了比较。方法：评价5种市售酸化剂和精油（肉桂、百里香、丁香）对鼠伤寒沙门菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。仅评价了酸化剂对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果。采用微孔板法和琼脂孔扩散法。酸化剂分别以制造商推荐剂量的1倍、2倍和5倍进行测试；2%和5% （v/v）的精油。饲料pH值和微生物计数采样时间点分别为第0、7和21天。所有试验一式三次，重复两次。还评价了酸化剂对饲料pH的影响。结果：酸化剂对目标病原体的抑制作用可以忽略不计，即使浓度比推荐水平高5倍。相反，精油表现出明显的抑制作用。此外，添加酸化剂对饲料的pH值没有影响。结论：该研究强调了肉桂、百里香和丁香精油对常见家禽病原体的有效抗菌特性。相比之下，商业酸化剂的效果有限。在家禽饲料中加入精油作为化学添加剂的有效替代品，可以提高动物的健康和安全。需要进一步研究以优化其使用并最大限度地发挥其抗菌作用。

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来源期刊

Iranian journal of veterinary research 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

8.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research(IJVR) is published quarterly in 4 issues. The aims of this journal are to improve and expand knowledge in all veterinary fields. It is an international journal indexed by the Thomson Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Elsevier, Scopus, CAB International, Veterinary Bulletin and several other international databases. Research papers and reports on a wide range of veterinary topics are published in the journal after being evaluated by expert reviewers.The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the editorial content of the journal—including peer-reviewed manuscripts—and the timing of its publication.