Catchment–Wetland Associations Based on Multiscale Landscape Structure and Hydro-Ecological Indicators at Bakhira Ramsar Site, India

IF 3.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Management Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI:10.1007/s00267-026-02576-0

Manish Rawat, Ashish Pandey, Basant Yadav, Praveen Kumar Gupta

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Wetland condition in floodplain landscapes is influenced by seasonal hydrology, catchment land-use change, and landscape fragmentation. This study assessed long-term catchment–wetland associations and hydro-ecological condition at Bakhira Ramsar Site, India, from 1990 to 2023 using Landsat-derived indices, FRAGSTATS-based landscape metrics, LULC transformation analysis, Pearson correlation, Redundancy Analysis, and a Pressure–State–Response-based Wetland Health Index. The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, Water-Adjusted Vegetation Index, Enhanced Aquatic Vegetation Index, and Floating Algae Index were used to evaluate open-water extent, aquatic vegetation, macrophyte condition, and floating algae. Results showed a persistent decline in wetland water extent, with decreasing trends of −46.62 ha yr⁻¹ during pre-monsoon and −37.30 ha yr⁻¹ during post-monsoon. Increasing EAVI and FAI values indicated expansion of aquatic vegetation and floating algae. Catchment cropland increased from 61.62 km² in 2000 to 116.17 km² in 2022, while fallow land decreased from 138.15 to 70.10 km² and marshy wetland declined from 54.77 to 28.80 km², indicating loss of buffering areas. Correlation analysis showed strong seasonal linkages, including positive relationships between catchment waterbody LPI and wetland water LPI (r = 0.90) and PROX (r = 0.98) during pre-monsoon, and between catchment waterbody COHESION and wetland water COHESION (r = 0.77) during post-monsoon. RDA provided multivariate support for interpreting these linkages, explaining 30.70% and 49.26% of wetland-response variation in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, and the results were interpreted as indicating associations rather than causation. The WHI classified Bakhira Wetland as Moderate in both seasons, with mean values increasing from 0.52 in pre-monsoon to 0.58 in post-monsoon. These findings provide a practical framework for Ramsar monitoring, restoration prioritization, and catchment-based wetland management.

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基于多尺度景观结构和水文生态指标的印度Bakhira Ramsar流域湿地关联。

洪泛平原景观的湿地状况受季节水文、流域土地利用变化和景观破碎化的影响。本研究利用landsat衍生指数、基于fragstats的景观指标、LULC转换分析、Pearson相关分析、冗余分析和基于压力-状态-响应的湿地健康指数，评估了1990 - 2023年印度Bakhira Ramsar湿地流域-湿地的长期联系和水文生态状况。采用修正归一化差水指数、水调整植被指数、增强水生植被指数和浮藻指数对开放水域范围、水生植被、大型植物状况和浮藻进行评价。结果显示，湿地水量持续下降，季风前和季风后的下降趋势分别为-46.62公顷/年和-37.30公顷/年。EAVI和FAI值的增加表明水生植被和浮藻的扩张。流域耕地面积从2000年的61.62 km²增加到2022年的116.17 km²，而休耕地面积从138.15 km²减少到70.10 km²，沼泽湿地从54.77 km²减少到28.80 km²，表明缓冲面积的减少。相关分析显示，季风前流域水体LPI与湿地水体LPI （r = 0.90）、PROX （r = 0.98）呈正相关，季风后流域水体凝聚力与湿地水体凝聚力（r = 0.77）呈正相关。RDA为解释这些联系提供了多变量支持，分别解释了30.70%和49.26%的季风前和季风后湿地响应变化，结果被解释为相关性而不是因果关系。WHI将Bakhira湿地划分为中度，季风前的平均值为0.52，季风后的平均值为0.58。这些发现为拉姆萨尔湿地的监测、恢复优先排序和基于集水区的湿地管理提供了实用框架。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Management 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

2.90%

发文量

178

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Management offers research and opinions on use and conservation of natural resources, protection of habitats and control of hazards, spanning the field of environmental management without regard to traditional disciplinary boundaries. The journal aims to improve communication, making ideas and results from any field available to practitioners from other backgrounds. Contributions are drawn from biology, botany, chemistry, climatology, ecology, ecological economics, environmental engineering, fisheries, environmental law, forest sciences, geosciences, information science, public affairs, public health, toxicology, zoology and more. As the principal user of nature, humanity is responsible for ensuring that its environmental impacts are benign rather than catastrophic. Environmental Management presents the work of academic researchers and professionals outside universities, including those in business, government, research establishments, and public interest groups, presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and approaches.