Pyrene Triplet Excitons: From Fundamental Properties to Advanced Design of Organic Afterglow Materials

Abstract

The regulation of triplet exciton dynamics represents a central challenge in advancing organic afterglow materials toward practical applications. Pyrene-based organic materials, because of their rich excited-state properties and diverse aggregation behaviors, have emerged as an ideal platform for investigating and manipulating triplet exciton processes in purely organic systems. Through rational molecular- and aggregate-level designs, both phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence afterglow have been successfully realized in pyrene derivatives, enabling promising applications in afterglow displays, deep-tissue bioimaging, and high-density optical memory devices. Future progress is expected to focus on precise control of triplet exciton dynamics within aggregated structures, the development of an efficient upconversion TTA-based afterglow, and the integration of artificial intelligence-assisted molecular design. These advances will enable increasingly accurate triplet exciton management, opening avenues for organic optoelectronics and photonics.