Impact of forest fragmentation on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in selected tree species and associated rhizosphere in the Taita Hills, Kenya.

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbionts that are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. They are crucial in maintaining plant communities by enhancing the uptake of nutrients and water as well as acting as major drivers of seedling recruitment. This study established the mycorrhizal colonization status of common tree species and the diversity of AMF communities across three forest fragments of the Taita Hills. Fine roots of seedlings and rhizosphere soils were sampled across circular plots in forest fragments (Chawia, Fururu and Ngangao) representing low, moderate and high levels of disturbances, respectively. The AMF colonization status was significantly different across tree species ranging between 43.3% and 90.5% with predominance of Glomus spp. from molecular analysis. The spore density of AMF was highest in the most disturbed forest while, Shannon diversity index (H- 1.3-1.5) did not differ significantly revealing AMF community resilienceto fragmentation. The outcome highlights the potential of native AMF in restoration and conservation of Afromontane forests.