Distribution of transgene in the rodent choroid plexus after intracerebroventricular injection of adeno-associated virus.

Abstract

Using adeno-associated virus to transfer genetic information to the choroid plexus has emerged as a promising route for long-term gene therapy in the brain for a variety of conditions. Overexpression of proteins has proved effective in small animal models but few attempts have been made to translate this technology to clinic, suppress the activity of a protein of interest, or further expand the limited capsid serotypes known to have choroid plexus tropism. We utilise transfer of green fluorescent protein to show choroid plexus epithelium tropism for novel AAV6 derived capsid ShH10^Y445F in mouse, rat and porcine tissue explant cultures. In vivo tropism is shown in the mouse following stereotactic intracerebroventricular injection. We examined the distribution of viral transduction across the choroid plexus in all four ventricles following a single unilateral intracerebroventricular injection using both green fluorescent protein as a transgene, but also the CRISPR/Cas9 system to deliver permanent knockdown of apical water channel aquaporin-1. Quantitative immunofluorescence and SURVEYOR assay were used to statistically assess the magnitude and extent of choroid plexus knockdown across the ventricular system. We conclude that serotype ShH10^Y445F targets choroid plexus epithelium in mouse, rat and pig; and when carrying the CRISPR/Cas9 system can reduce target protein expression in these cells. Transduced choroid plexus epithelial cells distribute unevenly with a bias toward the lateral ventricle on the injected side and a preferential infection of choroid plexus in the lateral over the third and fourth ventricles. Overcoming irregular distribution represents a challenge for clinical translation of this technology where clinical efficacy may require manipulation of the entire choroid plexus.