Research Progress on the Application of Wearable Sensor Patch in Health Monitoring and Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

The development of digital healthcare has raised demands for proactive, long-term, and high-precision health monitoring, which greatly promotes the innovation of intelligent wearable medical devices. Wearable sensor patches feature superior flexibility, lightweight structure, and skin conformability, enabling continuous in vivo physiological signal acquisition and showing enormous potential in personalized health monitoring and precise disease intervention. However, several critical technical bottlenecks severely restrict their clinical translation, including unsatisfactory biocompatibility, inefficient multimodal signal fusion, unstable sustainable energy supply, and vulnerable data security and privacy protection. Focusing on the latest advances in wearable sensor patches oriented to health monitoring and disease diagnosis and treatment, this review systematically elaborates the key enabling technologies of wearable patches, covering functional materials, miniaturization and fabrication, self-powered systems, and multimodal sensing architectures. Furthermore, we summarize the practical applications of wearable patches in multimodal physiological signal monitoring, chronic disease management, neuropsychiatric disorder evaluation, and rehabilitation medicine. This review also discusses the role of artificial intelligence and digital integration technology in intelligent data analysis and personalized health modeling. Importantly, we highlight current challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide insights and reliable references for the further optimization and clinical implementation of wearable sensor patches in next-generation intelligent healthcare systems.