Exploring the potential link between vitamin D receptor Cdx2 gene polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis in female patients: A study in Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

IF 0.5 Q3 Health Professions

Revista Colombiana de Reumatologia Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.rcreu.2025.03.004

Raghda R. Qadir, Bushra H. Shnawa, Mukhtar H. Ahmed

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

In recent decades, vitamin D has been extensively researched in relation to several autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between RA and polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 in a sample of women.

Methods

Eighty females (60 with RA and 20 controls) participated in this case–control investigation. The Cdx2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the VDR gene was genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique (ARMS-PCR).

Results

The current study found that 51 RA patients have the heterozygous GA genotype of the Cdx2 polymorphism despite non-significant values. Although the present findings showed no significant association between Cdx2 gene polymorphism and the risk of RA, this genotype still represents the majority among the study's RA patients. Moreover, vitamin D3 serum was significantly lower in RA with the GA genotype compared to healthy controls (HC) with a similar genotype (p = .0002). Also, RA patients with heterozygote GA genotype for Cdx2 had a relatively lower mean VD3 serum level than those with homozygote GG genotype.

Conclusion

The novelty of this study is to discover the probable association of Vitamin D receptor, caudal-related homeobox 2 (VDR-Cdx2) polymorphism with RA in the given study group for the first time in our society using a tetra primer ARMS-PCR. Additionally, the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique is simple, reliable, and cost-effective, making it a potentially valuable alternative to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP-PCR) for (SNP) genotyping.

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探索维生素D受体Cdx2基因多态性与女性患者类风湿关节炎之间的潜在联系：一项来自伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区埃尔比勒的研究

近几十年来，维生素D已被广泛研究与几种自身免疫性疾病，包括类风湿性关节炎（RA）的关系。目的本研究的主要目的是探讨RA与女性维生素D受体基因Cdx2多态性的关系。方法80例女性（RA患者60例，对照组20例）参与病例-对照调查。采用四引物扩增难解突变系统-聚合酶链反应技术（ARMS-PCR）对VDR基因Cdx2单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行基因分型。结果本研究发现51例RA患者存在Cdx2多态性的杂合GA基因型，但值不显著。虽然目前的研究结果显示Cdx2基因多态性与RA的风险之间没有显著的相关性，但该基因型在研究的RA患者中仍然占多数。此外，与具有相似基因型的健康对照组（HC）相比，GA基因型RA的维生素D3血清显著降低（p = 0.0002）。同时，Cdx2基因型为GA杂合子的RA患者血清VD3平均水平相对于基因型为GG纯合子的RA患者较低。结论本研究的新颖之处在于，利用四引物ARMS-PCR技术，在国内首次发现了维生素D受体尾侧相关同源盒2 （VDR-Cdx2）多态性与RA的相关性。此外，四引物ARMS-PCR技术简单，可靠，成本效益高，使其成为限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应（RFLP-PCR）基因分型的潜在有价值的替代方法。

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来源期刊

Revista Colombiana de Reumatologia Medicine-Rheumatology

CiteScore

0.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Colombian Journal of Rheumatology (Revista Colombiana de Reumatología) is the official organ of the Colombian Association of Rheumatology (Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología) and the Central American, Caribbean and Andean Association of Rheumatology (Asociación Centroamericana Caribe Andina de Reumatología) - ACCA. It was created in December 1993 with the purpose of disseminating scientific information derived from primary and secondary research and presenting cases coming from the practice of Rheumatology in Latin America. Since its foundation, the Journal has been characterized by its plurality with subjects of all rheumatic and osteomuscular pathologies, in the form of original articles, historical articles, economic evaluations, and articles of reflection and education in Medicine. It covers an extensive area of topics ranging from the broad spectrum of the clinical aspects of rheumatology and related areas in autoimmunity (both in pediatric and adult pathologies), to aspects of basic sciences. It is an academic tool for the different members of the academic and scientific community at their different levels of training, from undergraduate to post-doctoral degrees, managing to integrate all actors inter and trans disciplinarily. It is intended for rheumatologists, general internists, specialists in related areas, and general practitioners in the country and abroad. It has become an important space in the work of all rheumatologists from Central and South America.