Defining a Universal Measurement Scale and Standardized Unit for Fine Motor Development

IF 4 2区医学 Q1 REHABILITATION

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2026.06.007

Bryant A. Seamon PT, DPT, PhD, Cynthia L. Sears OTD, OTR/L, Emily Anderson OTD, OTR/L, Craig A. Velozo PhD, OTR/L

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To develop a construct specification equation (CSE) that identifies the task characteristics most strongly associated with fine motor item difficulty, establish a standardized unit, the fine motor unit (FMU), and define a universal measurement scale.

Study Design

Cross-sectional design.

Setting

General community.

Participants

Secondary analysis of a convenience sample of children (n=637) under 71 months in Brazil. Children were excluded for musculoskeletal disorders, genetic syndromes, and congenital malformation. The average age was 21.7 months (18.6mo), and 51% were female.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales—Second edition (PDMS-2) Grasp Scale.

Results

Explanatory factors with corresponding ordinal rating systems for fine motor development were created from task analysis and theory. Explanatory factors included shoulder/elbow/wrist movement, hand/fingers grasp, body position, object description, and cueing. Each item on the PDMS-2 Grasping Scale was rated across all explanatory variables. Explanatory variables had strong linear associations with previously published Rasch measurement item calibrations for the PDMS-2 Grasping Scale items. Forward stepwise linear regression tested the ability of explanatory variables to explain the variance in PDSM-2 item calibrations. Three models explained between 88% and 90% of the variance in PDMS-2 Grasping Scale item calibrations. The most parsimonious model included the shoulder/elbow/wrist movement and the hand/finger explanatory factors. This model was used as the CSE and anchored to items Grasp Reflex and Dynamic Marker Grasp. This established a standardized unit, the FMU, as 1/100th of the distance between each anchor. FMUs had a positive linear association with item calibrations (r=.93; P<.01).

Conclusions

The findings support CSE methodology for investigating explanatory factors related to fine motor development. The results of this study suggest that a CSE can provide initial support for validating a universal measurement scale and standardized unit for fine motor development.

查看原文本刊更多论文

确定精细运动发展的通用测量尺度和标准化单位。

目的：建立与精细运动项目难度相关度最高的任务特征构建规范方程（CSE），建立精细运动单元（FMU）的标准化单位，并定义通用的测量量表。研究设计：横断面设计。设置：普通社区。参与者：对巴西71个月以下儿童（n=637）的便利样本进行二次分析。排除患有肌肉骨骼疾病、遗传综合征和先天性畸形的儿童。平均年龄21.7个月（18.6个月），51%为女性。干预措施：不适用。主要观察指标：皮博迪发展运动量表-第二版（PDMS-2）掌握量表。结果：从任务分析和理论出发，建立了精细动作发展的解释因子和相应的顺序评分体系。解释因素包括肩/肘/腕运动、手/手指抓握、身体位置、物体描述和提示。PDMS-2抓取量表的每个项目都是在所有解释变量上进行评分的。解释变量与先前公布的PDMS-2抓取量表项目的Rasch测量项目校准有很强的线性关联。正向逐步线性回归检验解释变量对PDSM-2项目校准方差的解释能力。三个模型解释了PDMS-2抓取量表项目校准的88%至90%的方差。最简洁的模型包括肩部/肘部/手腕运动和手/手指的解释因素。该模型作为CSE，固定在抓取反射和动态标记抓取项目上。这建立了一个标准化的单位，FMU，作为每个锚之间距离的1/100。FMUs与项目校准呈正相关（r= 0.93; p）结论：研究结果支持CSE方法研究精细运动发展相关的解释因素。本研究结果表明，CSE可以为精细运动发展的通用测量量表和标准化单位的验证提供初步支持。

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来源期刊

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 医学-康复医学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

4.70%

发文量

495

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation publishes original, peer-reviewed research and clinical reports on important trends and developments in physical medicine and rehabilitation and related fields. This international journal brings researchers and clinicians authoritative information on the therapeutic utilization of physical, behavioral and pharmaceutical agents in providing comprehensive care for individuals with chronic illness and disabilities. Archives began publication in 1920, publishes monthly, and is the official journal of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Its papers are cited more often than any other rehabilitation journal.