Gigawatt-scale green hydrogen deployment: A review and roadmap

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Pub Date : 2026-07-20 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156181

Yasemin Erbay, Celal Erbay

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Abstract

Gigawatt-scale green hydrogen is increasingly viewed as a key pathway for decarbonizing hard-to-abate industries and supporting high-renewable energy systems, yet large-scale deployment remains constrained by technology scale-up, infrastructure readiness, cost, and market design. This review synthesizes engineering, techno-economic, policy, and market evidence across the green hydrogen value chain, from renewable electricity supply and electrolysis to storage, transport, distribution, and end use. The analysis compares major electrolysis technologies, emphasizing modularization, manufacturing expansion, and material constraints that shape near-term gigawatt deployment. It evaluates renewable integration strategies, including hybrid wind-solar configurations, electrolyzer sizing, and hydrogen hubs, for improving utilization and reducing levelized cost of hydrogen. Large-scale storage and transport options are assessed in terms of scalability, conversion losses, and distance dependence. The review identifies the main technical, financial, and regulatory barriers and proposes a phased roadmap for 2026–2050 to guide coordinated action by governments, industry, and researchers.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 工程技术-环境科学

CiteScore

13.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

3502

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： The objective of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is to facilitate the exchange of new ideas, technological advancements, and research findings in the field of Hydrogen Energy among scientists and engineers worldwide. This journal showcases original research, both analytical and experimental, covering various aspects of Hydrogen Energy. These include production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic considerations, and global perspectives on hydrogen and its carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc. The utilization aspect encompasses various methods such as thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells), and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, and hydrogen carriers into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. The applications of these energies can be found in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.