Pictorial insights into high-resolution ultrasound for various subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Abstract

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) remains a diagnostic challenge because of its heterogeneous clinical and radiological presentation. High-resolution ultrasonography (HR-USG) has emerged as an indispensable imaging modality for diagnosis, image-guided interventions, and follow-up. A thorough understanding of the sonographic findings, combined with clinical correlation, is essential for both trainees and practicing radiologists involved in the management of these patients. This review highlights the key clinicoradiological features of JIA, with particular emphasis on the imaging characteristics of the different JIA subtypes, their patterns of joint involvement, and potential imaging pitfalls, thereby facilitating accurate diagnosis and early treatment.