Evaluación de la inmunoterapia con lecanemab para la enfermedad de Alzheimer: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objective

To critically examine the use of lecanemab as an immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease, specifically to assess the benefits of such therapy, identify current dosing and administration recommendations, and assess potential side effects and exclusion criteria.

Methods

Systematic review of articles whose object of study are positive and/or negative results of lecanemab immunotherapy and include possible complications of the treatment. Articles presenting results of lecanemab immunotherapy in non-human models are excluded. The databases used for the search are Web of Science, Cochrane, Pubmed (Medline) and Dialnet.

Results

Eight articles (clinical studies, meta-analyses, simulations, case reports) are selected. The use of lecanemab in the early stages of Alzheimer's reduces cerebral Aβ and delays cognitive impairment. The dose established as effective is 10 mg/kg biweekly, using an IV infusion for 1 hour, followed by monitoring periods after each administration. Side effects may appear during the treatment like hemorrhages and cerebral edema (ARIA).

Conclusions

The effectiveness of lecanemab is associated with its use in the early stages of the development of the disease. The proper management of the dose and the side effects are fundamental, therefore providing clear protocols and training for the sanitary personnel are key for its implementation. The paucity of clinical studies on lecanemab treatment is a limitation to the results, making it necessary to periodically update reviews such as this one.