New regression-based norms for letter and semantic fluency tests on Norwegian older adults.

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Clinical Neuropsychologist Pub Date : 2026-07-18 DOI:10.1080/13854046.2026.2701151

Therese Händel Waggestad, Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom, Carsten Strobel, Linda Gjøra, Geir Selbæk, Peter Bekkhus-Wetterberg, Jens Egeland

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study presents updated regression-based norms for verbal fluency tests: "FAS," "Animals," and "Supermarket" in older Norwegian adults. By examining the potential modulating effects and putative interaction effects of age, education, and sex, we aim to investigate cognitive aging and the effects of education.

Method: The study includes 449 healthy participants, aged 70-92 years, from the NorFAST (n = 254) and HUNT (n = 195) studies. Regression-based norms for all three verbal fluency tasks were produced. Models were assessed for pertinent linear, curvilinear, or interaction effects of age, education, and sex. We compared our norms to previously published norms.

Results: The task "FAS" was predicted by education (b = 0.773, partial R² = 0.117, p < .001) and sex (b = 1.110, partial R² = 0.037, p < .001), and the task "Animals" was predicted by education (b = 0.313, partial R² = 0.021, p < .01) and age (b = -0.123, partial R² = 0.045, p < .001). Higher education and being female were associated with better performance, whereas older age was associated with poorer performance. Finally, for the task "Supermarket," we found an interaction effect between age and education (b = -0.063, partial R² = 0.034, p < .01), but the major predictor was sex (b = 1.446, partial R² = 0.068, p < .001).

Conclusions: The norms were adjusted for the demographic variables that predicted the individual tasks. The illustrative norm comparison estimated similar mean performance but larger differences between the "exceptionally low" scores. The results also indicate that only processing speed declines with age, and that higher education has minimal effect on test-performance.

查看原文本刊更多论文

基于回归的挪威老年人字母和语义流畅性测试新规范。

目的：本研究提出了最新的基于回归的语言流畅性测试规范：挪威老年人的“FAS”、“动物”和“超市”。通过研究年龄、教育和性别的潜在调节效应和假定的相互作用效应，我们旨在研究认知老化和教育的影响。方法：该研究包括来自NorFAST （n = 254）和HUNT （n = 195）研究的449名70-92岁的健康参与者。对所有三个语言流畅性任务产生了基于回归的规范。对模型进行相关的线性、曲线或年龄、教育程度和性别的相互作用的评估。我们将我们的规范与之前公布的规范进行了比较。结果：教育对“FAS”任务有预测作用（b = 0.773，偏R2 = 0.117, p b = 1.110，偏R2 = 0.037, p b = 0.313，偏R2 = 0.021, p b = -0.123，偏R2 = 0.045, p b = -0.063，偏R2 = 0.034, p b = 1.446，偏R2 = 0.068, p）。结论：对预测单项任务的人口统计学变量进行了规范调整。说明性规范比较估计了相似的平均表现，但在“异常低”的分数之间存在较大差异。研究结果还表明，只有处理速度会随着年龄的增长而下降，而高等教育对考试成绩的影响微乎其微。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Neuropsychologist 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

12.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Clinical Neuropsychologist (TCN) serves as the premier forum for (1) state-of-the-art clinically-relevant scientific research, (2) in-depth professional discussions of matters germane to evidence-based practice, and (3) clinical case studies in neuropsychology. Of particular interest are papers that can make definitive statements about a given topic (thereby having implications for the standards of clinical practice) and those with the potential to expand today’s clinical frontiers. Research on all age groups, and on both clinical and normal populations, is considered.