Effect of Warm Water Aging on Alkali-silane Treated Sunn Hemp Fiber and Pistachio Shell Lignin Reinforced Epoxy Composite: Mechanical, Lap Shear, Wear and drilling Performance

IF 4.1 3区材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Silicon Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI:10.1007/s12633-026-03707-2

R. Srinivasan, Sakthi Prasad, G. Ramesh, M. Arul Murugan

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Abstract

Bio-based composites have recently gained significant attention due to their eco-friendly nature, excellent mechanical properties, and lightweight characteristics. This study presents a novel hybrid epoxy composite system developed using alkali–silane treated sunn hemp fiber combined with pistachio-shell-derived lignin, an agro-waste filler that has not been previously explored in warm-water–aged composite structures. The primary objective was to investigate how prolonged moisture exposure at a constant temperature influences the mechanical, wear, and drilling performance of these newly developed hybrid composites. The reinforcements were chemically treated, manually fabricated into composites, and aged in warm water at 40 °C for 14 days. Post-aging, specimens prepared according to ASTM standards were evaluated for mechanical, wear, and drilling behaviour. Results showed that RSL1 with 1.5 vol.% lignin exhibited superior tensile (147.9 MPa), flexural (184 MPa), impact (4.0 J), and lap shear strength (38.3 MPa), while RSL2 with 3.5 vol.% lignin demonstrated enhanced hardness (98 Shore-D), reduced wear rate (0.054 mm³/Nm), and a COF of 0.35, but inferior drilling quality. SEM analysis further provided insights into microstructural integrity and failure mechanisms after aging. Overall, the study highlights a unique hybrid natural fiber–lignin composite system and establishes its potential for sustainable applications in automotive, packaging, consumer goods, and energy sectors.

Graphical Abstract

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温水老化对碱硅烷处理的太阳麻纤维和开心果壳木质素增强环氧复合材料力学性能、搭接剪切性能、磨损性能和钻削性能的影响

近年来，生物基复合材料因其生态友好性、优异的机械性能和轻质特性而备受关注。本研究提出了一种新型的杂化环氧复合材料体系，该体系是由碱硅烷处理的太阳大麻纤维与开心果壳衍生的木质素（一种以前未在热水老化复合材料结构中探索过的农业废物填料）相结合而开发的。主要目的是研究在恒温条件下长时间的水分暴露如何影响这些新开发的混合复合材料的机械、磨损和钻井性能。增强材料经过化学处理，手工制成复合材料，并在40°C的温水中老化14天。老化后，根据ASTM标准制备的样品进行机械、磨损和钻孔行为评估。结果表明，添加1.5 vol.%木质素的RSL1具有较好的拉伸强度（147.9 MPa）、弯曲强度（184 MPa）、冲击强度（4.0 J）和剪切强度（38.3 MPa）；添加3.5 vol.%木质素的RSL2具有较高的硬度（98 Shore-D），降低了磨损率（0.054 mm3/Nm）， COF为0.35，但钻进质量较差。SEM分析进一步揭示了老化后微观组织的完整性和失效机制。总体而言，该研究强调了一种独特的混合天然纤维-木质素复合系统，并确立了其在汽车、包装、消费品和能源领域的可持续应用潜力。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Silicon CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

20.60%

发文量

685

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Silicon is intended to serve all those involved in studying the role of silicon as an enabling element in materials science. There are no restrictions on disciplinary boundaries provided the focus is on silicon-based materials or adds significantly to the understanding of such materials. Accordingly, such contributions are welcome in the areas of inorganic and organic chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, nanoscience, environmental science, electronics and optoelectronics, and modeling and theory. Relevant silicon-based materials include, but are not limited to, semiconductors, polymers, composites, ceramics, glasses, coatings, resins, composites, small molecules, and thin films.