An Overtaking Game

IF 4.4 2区计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI:10.1109/TCST.2025.3626071

David J. N. Limebeer;Nehal Gordhan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Overtaking in motor racing involves the optimal exploitation of the vehicle, tire, and track characteristics in a game-theoretic setting. The game described here adopts a well-known Stackelberg structure that is solved as a sequence of interlinked optimal control problems (OCPs). Intervehicular interactions are due to collision avoidance and aerodynamic drafting. In order to minimize the model complexity, drafting influences have not been included here but are discussed in detail by Limebeer and Dollar (2025). The vehicles are assumed to travel on an idealized closed-circuit track that takes the form of an elliptic cone that is reminiscent of a highly banked NASCAR oval. The track, vehicle, and overtaking game are described in detail and then tested in combination. The results show that it can be difficult to overtake a relatively underpowered car that is adept at “blocking” overtakes. It is also shown that apparently minor changes in the test conditions can lead to qualitatively different overtaking strategies. Simulation studies of this type ignore driver mistakes, or conservative or inconsistent decision-making.

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超车游戏

在博弈论的背景下，赛车超车涉及到车辆、轮胎和赛道特性的最佳利用。这里描述的博弈采用了众所周知的Stackelberg结构，该结构被求解为一系列相互关联的最优控制问题（ocp）。车辆间的相互作用是由于避免碰撞和气动牵伸。为了尽量减少模型的复杂性，这里没有包括起草影响，但Limebeer和Dollar（2025）对此进行了详细讨论。这些车辆被假定在一个理想的闭路轨道上行驶，该轨道采用椭圆锥的形式，让人想起纳斯卡的高度倾斜的椭圆形。详细描述了赛道、车辆和超车游戏，然后结合测试。研究结果表明，要超车一辆动力相对不足、擅长“拦阻”超车的汽车可能会很困难。试验条件的微小变化也会导致超车策略的质量差异。这种类型的模拟研究忽略了驾驶员的错误，或保守或不一致的决策。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

2.10%

发文量

218

审稿时长

6.7 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology publishes high quality technical papers on technological advances in control engineering. The word technology is from the Greek technologia. The modern meaning is a scientific method to achieve a practical purpose. Control Systems Technology includes all aspects of control engineering needed to implement practical control systems, from analysis and design, through simulation and hardware. A primary purpose of the IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology is to have an archival publication which will bridge the gap between theory and practice. Papers are published in the IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology which disclose significant new knowledge, exploratory developments, or practical applications in all aspects of technology needed to implement control systems, from analysis and design through simulation, and hardware.