Dual-targeting cancer and SARS-CoV-2: The host-directed mechanisms of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (Jixueteng).

IF 11.3 1区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Phytomedicine Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158560

Kumar Ganesan, Jianping Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD), known in traditional Chinese medicine as Jixueteng, has historically been used to treat conditions characterized by blood stasis. Modern research has validated its anticancer potential. Recent studies reveal broad-spectrum antiviral activity.

Purpose: This review synthesizes these two research frontiers. It proposes a unified host-directed therapy paradigm as the core mechanism underlying SSD's dual therapeutic capability.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature was conducted. This included phytochemical studies, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological investigations, and computational modeling related to SSD. Emphasis was placed on integrating the latest mechanistic findings on its antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2 with its established anticancer profile.

Results: SSD contains bioactive flavonoids, such as isoliquiritigenin and procyanidins. These compounds enable multi-target interactions with host proteins. In cancer, SSD acts as a host-directed anticancer agent by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase A, activating AMP-activated protein kinase, inducing apoptosis and pyroptosis, and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint. Against SARS-CoV-2, SSD functions as a direct inhibitor of the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. It blocks viral entry with pan-variant efficacy validated in vivo. The anticancer evidence for SSD is extensive and derived from multiple independent laboratories. The antiviral data are currently more limited. Published studies have identified SSD as active against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated that isoliquiritigenin inhibits viral replication via NRF2 activation. Mechanistic ACE2-targeting data remain preliminary. A comparative synthesis reveals that SSD's efficacy in both oncology and virology converges on the modulation of host protein targets. SSD targets dysregulated host enzymes in cancer and a hijacked host receptor in viral infection. This strategy provides a high barrier to therapeutic resistance.

Conclusion: SSD represents a promising natural host-directed therapeutic platform. Its dual ability to disrupt cancer cell physiology and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry via distinct host targets positions it as a potential template for developing resistance-evasive strategies against complex diseases. Future efforts must focus on isolating the precise ACE2-inhibiting compounds, optimizing disease-specific delivery, and advancing translational studies to realize its clinical potential.

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双靶向癌症和SARS-CoV-2：鸡血藤宿主介导的机制

背景：鸡血藤（Spatholobus suberectus Dunn， SSD）在中医中被称为鸡血藤，历史上被用来治疗以血瘀为特征的疾病。现代研究已经证实了它的抗癌潜力。最近的研究揭示了广谱抗病毒活性。目的：对这两个研究前沿进行综述。它提出了一种统一的宿主导向治疗范式，作为SSD双重治疗能力的核心机制。方法：对同行评议文献进行综合分析。这包括植物化学研究，体外和体内药理学研究，以及与SSD相关的计算建模。重点是将其对SARS-CoV-2的抗病毒作用的最新机制发现与已建立的抗癌特性相结合。结果：黄酮类化合物具有生物活性，如异槲皮素和原花青素。这些化合物能够与宿主蛋白进行多靶点相互作用。在癌症中，SSD通过抑制乳酸脱氢酶a，激活amp活化的蛋白激酶，诱导细胞凋亡和焦亡，并在G2/M检查点阻滞细胞周期，作为宿主定向的抗癌剂。针对SARS-CoV-2， SSD可作为宿主血管紧张素转换酶2受体的直接抑制剂。它阻断病毒进入，具有体内验证的泛变异功效。固态硬盘的抗癌证据是广泛的，来自多个独立的实验室。抗病毒的数据目前比较有限。已发表的研究已确定SSD对SARS-CoV-2具有活性，并证明异异质原素通过NRF2激活抑制病毒复制。ace2靶向机制数据仍处于初步阶段。一项比较综合表明，SSD在肿瘤学和病毒学方面的功效都集中在对宿主蛋白靶点的调节上。固态硬盘针对癌症中失调的宿主酶和病毒感染中被劫持的宿主受体。这一策略为治疗耐药性提供了很高的屏障。结论：SSD是一种很有前景的天然宿主导向治疗平台。它具有破坏癌细胞生理和抑制SARS-CoV-2通过不同宿主靶点进入的双重能力，使其成为开发针对复杂疾病的抗性规避策略的潜在模板。未来的工作必须集中在分离精确的ace2抑制化合物，优化疾病特异性递送，推进转化研究，以实现其临床潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Phytomedicine 医学-药学

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

670

审稿时长

91 days

期刊介绍： Phytomedicine is a therapy-oriented journal that publishes innovative studies on the efficacy, safety, quality, and mechanisms of action of specified plant extracts, phytopharmaceuticals, and their isolated constituents. This includes clinical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological studies of herbal medicinal products, preparations, and purified compounds with defined and consistent quality, ensuring reproducible pharmacological activity. Founded in 1994, Phytomedicine aims to focus and stimulate research in this field and establish internationally accepted scientific standards for pharmacological studies, proof of clinical efficacy, and safety of phytomedicines.