Thermally Radiative Electromagnetic Trihybrid Nanofluid Flow on a Variable Darcy Regime

Abstract

This work studies the flow of electromagnetic trihybrid nanofluid on a variable Darcy regime. The transfer of energy is described using thermodynamics’ first law, with thermal flux, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating effects. Meanwhile, the analysis of entropy generation is conducted through second law of thermodynamics. The effects of electric and magnetic fields have been used to control the flow of fluid. It has been highlighted in this work that velocity rises with increasing electric field and Darcy factor, whereas growth in magnetic effects and nanoparticle concentration reduced it. Higher Eckert number, electric, magnetic, and radiation parameters, and nanoparticle concentration enhanced heat transfer and Bejan number but reduced the production of entropy. At 0.04 concentration of nanoparticles, heat transfer rises by 11.27% for MWCNTs, 13.46% for Cu + MWCNTs, and 17.62% for MgO + Cu + MWCNTs, emphasizing the superior thermal performance of trihybrid nanofluid.