Foehn wind as a biometeorological stressor: effects on somatic and mental health – a narrative review

Abstract

This review summarizes research on foehn wind as a complex biometeorological stressor affecting somatic and neuropsychological health with particular attention to time-lagged effects and vulnerable populations. Foehn, warm and dry winds descending mountains, are linked to decreased mental well-being and are colloquially termed “suicide winds” in regional folklore; however, such interpretations require scientific verification. A structured literature search and narrative review of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Researchgate and Google Scholar databases, using “foehn”, “halny” and “health” keywords in Polish and English, was conducted. Scientific articles, clinical reports, and reviews were analyzed. Studies, though limited in number, feature long observation periods and numerous participants. Research indicates a correlation between halny occurrences and increased suicide rates, aggression, and mental health deterioration, especially in predisposed individuals. Halny appears to exacerbate psychopathology during mental health crises, with stronger effects correlating with more pronounced winds. Effects are observed pre- and post-halny. While studies show a correlation between halny and worsened mental health, a direct causal link is not definitively established. Further detailed research is necessary to confirm causality and understand the mechanisms involved. This research would facilitate effective preventive measures, crucial given potential increases in halny frequency due to climate change.