Contrast-Induced Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema Detected by Lung Ultrasound: A Case Report

Abstract

Background

Pulmonary oedema is characterised by fluid accumulation within the alveoli, impairing gas exchange and causing respiratory distress. While cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is common, non-cardiogenic causes are less frequent and typically result from increased capillary permeability. Contrast-induced non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (NCPE) is rare but clinically significant.

Key Findings

We report a case of NCPE following iodinated contrast administration during breast imaging. Point-of-Care Lung ultrasound (LUS) detected early interstitial fluid through diffuse bilateral B-lines, which were not evident on chest radiography. This facilitated prompt diagnosis and guided timely treatment with non-invasive ventilation and intravenous furosemide.

Discussion

This case highlights contrast-induced NCPE as a rare adverse event and demonstrates the role of bedside LUS as a rapid, non-invasive diagnostic modality. Early detection supported timely intervention and contributed to rapid clinical improvement. Wider integration of LUS in an acute care setting may enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes.