Vascularized Brain Organoids: Advances in Engineering Human Neurovascular Models.

Abstract

Brain organoids have emerged as an important platform for studying human neurodevelopment and neurological disorders, yet their physiological relevance remains limited by the absence of a functional vascular network. Recent efforts therefore focus on developing vascularized brain organoids (vBOs) to better recapitulate neurovascular interactions. Here, we investigate current strategies for vBO engineering, discussing its potential implications such as disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative therapies along with persistent challenges in reproducing physiologically mature neurovascular features. This review outlines a rapidly evolving framework that enhances neurovascular modeling and supports emerging translational research in neurological disorders.