Factors associated with self-care behavior in patients with kidney failure receiving dialysis: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Bandung, Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: While self-care behaviors (SCB) are recognized as a crucial component of managing the adverse effects associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), understanding of the factors influencing SCB remains limited, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Indonesia. This study aims to measure SCB scores and identify factors associated with SCB in patients with kidney failure receiving dialysis.

Methods: Data collection was carried out at a tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia, from September to November 2024. This study used three questionnaires that assessed SCB, health literacy (HL), and disease knowledge (DK) with a total of 43 items. The dependent variable was the SCB score. The independent variables included HL, DK, age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupation, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, dialysis status, duration of dialysis, type of medication, route of drug administration, and number of medications. Data were analyzed using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate linear regression.

Results: A total of 110 patients were enrolled, of whom 109 were receiving dialysis and one was not. The SCB score of patients with kidney failure receiving dialysis varied, with an average score of 57.5 ± 8.94 (range: 16-80). Factors significantly associated with high SCB scores were high DK (β = 7.992; p = 0.003), female (β = 4.235; p = 0.012), and income ≥ Indonesian RMW (Regional Minimum Wage) (β = 4.946; p = 0.029).

Conclusions: A higher SCB score indicates an improvement in the patient's SCB. DK, gender, and income were independently associated with SCB. Healthcare providers need to implement education and counseling to improve SCB by considering these characteristics.