{"title":"Continuous glucose monitoring characteristics of common MODY subtypes and their clinical applications: a review.","authors":"Aibibai Rouzimaimaiti, Jiazireya Zaiyinati, Yanrong Ma, Fuhui Ma, Rui Ma, Yan Hu, Yanying Guo","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0198","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous monogenic diabetes category caused by defects in genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, glucose sensing, or insulin secretion. In children, adolescents, and young adults, its clinical presentation may overlap with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D), which can complicate etiological classification.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>This review examines continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) patterns in <i>HNF1A</i>-, <i>GCK</i>-, <i>HNF4A</i>-, <i>HNF1B</i>-, and KATP channel-related MODY. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus were searched through March 1, 2026, with supplementary citation tracking. Priority was given to genetically confirmed or clearly defined studies reporting CGM/flash glucose monitoring (FGM) metrics, glycemic variability, hypoglycemic exposure, or treatment-transition data.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>CGM can complement glycated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) by showing stable mild hyperglycemia, postprandial excursions, nocturnal or asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and treatment-related fluctuations. It should not be used as a substitute for genetic diagnosis. Multicenter, genetically confirmed studies using standardized CGM metrics are needed to clarify its role in precision management.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"845-853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2026-0198","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/9/25 0:00:00","PubModel":"Print","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous monogenic diabetes category caused by defects in genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, glucose sensing, or insulin secretion. In children, adolescents, and young adults, its clinical presentation may overlap with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D), which can complicate etiological classification.
Content: This review examines continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) patterns in HNF1A-, GCK-, HNF4A-, HNF1B-, and KATP channel-related MODY. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus were searched through March 1, 2026, with supplementary citation tracking. Priority was given to genetically confirmed or clearly defined studies reporting CGM/flash glucose monitoring (FGM) metrics, glycemic variability, hypoglycemic exposure, or treatment-transition data.
Summary and outlook: CGM can complement glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by showing stable mild hyperglycemia, postprandial excursions, nocturnal or asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and treatment-related fluctuations. It should not be used as a substitute for genetic diagnosis. Multicenter, genetically confirmed studies using standardized CGM metrics are needed to clarify its role in precision management.
背景：年轻人成熟型糖尿病（MODY）是一种异质性单基因糖尿病，由参与胰腺β细胞发育、葡萄糖传感或胰岛素分泌的基因缺陷引起。在儿童、青少年和年轻人中，其临床表现可能与1型糖尿病（T1D）或早发性2型糖尿病（T2D）重叠，这可能使病因分类复杂化。内容：本综述探讨了HNF1A-、GCK-、HNF4A-、HNF1B-和KATP通道相关的MODY的连续血糖监测（CGM）模式。检索截止到2026年3月1日的PubMed/MEDLINE、Embase、Web of Science Core Collection和Scopus，并附有补充引文跟踪。优先考虑基因证实或明确定义的研究，报告CGM/瞬时血糖监测（FGM）指标、血糖变异性、低血糖暴露或治疗过渡数据。总结与展望：CGM可以通过表现稳定的轻度高血糖、餐后漂移、夜间或无症状低血糖以及治疗相关波动来补充糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）。它不应该被用作基因诊断的替代品。需要使用标准化CGM指标的多中心基因证实研究来阐明其在精确管理中的作用。
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