CBCT Evaluation of the Relationship Between Mandibular Molars and the Inferior Alveolar Canal in a Peruvian Population.

Abstract

Background: Proximity between the inferior alveolar canal and mandibular molar apices is a critical factor in oral surgery and implant dentistry, as it may increase the risk of nerve injury. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables precise three-dimensional evaluation of this relationship; however, evidence in Peruvian populations remains limited.

Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using 177 CBCT scans obtained from the IRM Radiological Center in Trujillo, Peru (2024-2025). The distance between the inferior alveolar canal and the apices of mandibular first and second molars was measured at the mesial and distal roots. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and differences according to age and sex were assessed using Student's t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05).

Results: First mandibular molars showed greater distances from the canal, with mean values of 5.1 mm in mesial roots and 4.3-4.4 mm in distal roots. Second molars presented shorter distances, particularly in distal roots (2.5-2.6 mm). No significant differences were observed among age groups (p > 0.05). Male patients showed greater distances than females, with significant differences in mesial roots (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Second mandibular molars are located closer to the inferior alveolar canal than first molars. CBCT provides clinically relevant information for surgical planning and may help reduce the risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury.