Concussion: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence.

IF 5 2区医学 Q1 ORTHOPEDICS

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-11 DOI:10.1007/s12178-026-10051-w

Kalvis Hornburg, Claire E Cassianni, Shaheed M Muhammad, Juan E Muñoz Eusse, R Conner Dixon

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Concussion is a common form of mild traumatic brain injury affecting nearly two million people yearly, costing the US nearly 19 billion dollars annually. In light of such significant prevalence and disease burden, tools and interventions aimed at improving diagnosis, recovery, and management are constantly evolving. This narrative review synthesizes literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2015-2025), prioritizing systematic reviews, randomized trials, and consensus guidelines with the goal of summarizing current best-practices based on up-to-date data and expert opinion.

Recent findings: Concussion remains a clinical diagnosis supported by tools such as the SCAT6, though limitations persist. Biomarkers demonstrate high sensitivity for intracranial injury, but limited utility for diagnosing uncomplicated concussion. Recovery is heterogeneous, influenced by initial symptom burden, patient factors, and mechanism of injury. Management has shifted toward early, symptom-guided activity and targeted, multimodal rehabilitation. Persistent symptoms reflect multifactorial etiologies that require individualized care. Concussion care is transitioning toward more objective assessment and personalized management, though gaps remain in diagnostic precision and in predicting prolonged recovery.

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脑震荡：对当前证据的全面回顾。

回顾目的：脑震荡是一种常见的轻度创伤性脑损伤，每年影响近200万人，每年给美国造成近190亿美元的损失。鉴于如此巨大的流行率和疾病负担，旨在改进诊断、康复和管理的工具和干预措施正在不断发展。本叙述性综述综合了PubMed、Scopus和谷歌Scholar（2015-2025）的文献，优先考虑系统综述、随机试验和共识指南，目的是总结基于最新数据和专家意见的当前最佳实践。最近的发现：脑震荡仍然是一种临床诊断，有SCAT6等工具的支持，尽管局限性仍然存在。生物标记物对颅内损伤有很高的敏感性，但对诊断非复杂性脑震荡的应用有限。恢复是异质性的，受初始症状负担、患者因素和损伤机制的影响。治疗已转向早期、症状指导的活动和有针对性的多模式康复。持续症状反映多因素病因，需要个体化治疗。脑震荡治疗正在向更客观的评估和个性化管理转变，尽管在诊断精度和预测长期康复方面仍然存在差距。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine ORTHOPEDICS-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

2.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal intends to review the most significant recent developments in the field of musculoskeletal medicine. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by expert world-renowned authors, the journal aims to serve all those involved in the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of musculoskeletal-related conditions. We accomplish this aim by appointing authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as rehabilitation of the knee and hip, sports medicine, trauma, pediatrics, health policy, customization in arthroplasty, and rheumatology. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 20 diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.