Hybrid-linking organic frameworks: design strategies, synergistic properties, and emerging applications.

Abstract

Organic framework materials (OFMs) are a class of highly ordered porous materials constructed from organic building blocks through various types of linkage interactions, exemplified by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). Owing to their tunable functionalities, well-defined periodic structures, and excellent framework robustness, these materials have already attracted widespread attention. Hybrid-linking organic frameworks (HyOFs) are assembled from building blocks via multiple types of linking interactions. As a result, they exhibit enhanced connective multiplicity, homogeneous periodicity, and orthogonal resistibility compared to conventional OFMs. By precisely regulating the synergistic effects of hybridized linkages, HyOFs offer the potential to address the crystallinity-stability-complexity conflict often encountered in conventional OFMs. This review summarizes recent advancements in HyOFs with a focus on their design and synthetic strategies, examines the synergistic enhancements imparted by hybrid structures alongside their underlying mechanisms, and highlights their applications in adsorption, catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicine. We aim to provide a systematic understanding of the structure-property-application relationships in HyOFs, thereby offering guidance for the development of next-generation OFMs based on the HyOF platform and stimulating the design of innovative materials in related disciplines.