Neveen Hassan Mansour, Ahmad Mohamad Moharram, Zeinab Soliman
{"title":"Effect of single and combined nitrogen sources on lipid production by Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodotorula paludigena.","authors":"Neveen Hassan Mansour, Ahmad Mohamad Moharram, Zeinab Soliman","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02075-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oleaginous yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula are promising microbial platforms for sustainable lipid production. However, nitrogen availability critically regulates both biomass formation and lipid production, with nitrogen limitation recognized as a key trigger for lipid overproduction. This study investigated the influence of single and combined organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on biomass formation and lipid production by Rhodotorula kratochvilovae AUMC17237 and R. paludigena AUMC17238. The results revealed strain-specific responses to different nitrogen sources. Among individual nitrogen sources, urea supported the highest biomass production in both strains. Ammonium chloride, when combined with organic nitrogen sources, resulted in enhanced biomass formation. Specifically, its combination with yeast extract yielded the highest biomass in R. kratochvilovae (6.282 ± 0.161 g/L), whereas its combination with urea produced the strongest biomass response in R. paludigena (6.565 ± 0.324 g/L). Organic nitrogen sources generally favored lipid accumulation when applied individually. Urea produced the highest lipid yield in R. kratochvilovae (0.990 ± 0.011 g/L), whereas yeast extract was most effective in R. paludigena (0.947 ± 0.033 g/L). Furthermore, combined organic-inorganic nitrogen sources enhanced lipid production, with maximum lipid yields achieved using ammonium sulfate with yeast extract in R. kratochvilovae (1.219 ± 0.023 g/L) and with urea in R. paludigena (0.909 ± 0.050 g/L). Lipid content varied markedly with nitrogen regime, reaching 32.18 ± 1.023 % of cell dry weight in R. kratochvilovae and 42.51 ± 1.171% in R. paludigena. Overall, these results demonstrate that both nitrogen type and its combination influence biomass formation and lipid accumulation, highlighting the importance of selecting compatible nitrogen regimes to optimize microbial lipid production in applied bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337978/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AMB Express","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-026-02075-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula are promising microbial platforms for sustainable lipid production. However, nitrogen availability critically regulates both biomass formation and lipid production, with nitrogen limitation recognized as a key trigger for lipid overproduction. This study investigated the influence of single and combined organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on biomass formation and lipid production by Rhodotorula kratochvilovae AUMC17237 and R. paludigena AUMC17238. The results revealed strain-specific responses to different nitrogen sources. Among individual nitrogen sources, urea supported the highest biomass production in both strains. Ammonium chloride, when combined with organic nitrogen sources, resulted in enhanced biomass formation. Specifically, its combination with yeast extract yielded the highest biomass in R. kratochvilovae (6.282 ± 0.161 g/L), whereas its combination with urea produced the strongest biomass response in R. paludigena (6.565 ± 0.324 g/L). Organic nitrogen sources generally favored lipid accumulation when applied individually. Urea produced the highest lipid yield in R. kratochvilovae (0.990 ± 0.011 g/L), whereas yeast extract was most effective in R. paludigena (0.947 ± 0.033 g/L). Furthermore, combined organic-inorganic nitrogen sources enhanced lipid production, with maximum lipid yields achieved using ammonium sulfate with yeast extract in R. kratochvilovae (1.219 ± 0.023 g/L) and with urea in R. paludigena (0.909 ± 0.050 g/L). Lipid content varied markedly with nitrogen regime, reaching 32.18 ± 1.023 % of cell dry weight in R. kratochvilovae and 42.51 ± 1.171% in R. paludigena. Overall, these results demonstrate that both nitrogen type and its combination influence biomass formation and lipid accumulation, highlighting the importance of selecting compatible nitrogen regimes to optimize microbial lipid production in applied bioprocesses.
期刊介绍：
AMB Express is a high quality journal that brings together research in the area of Applied and Industrial Microbiology with a particular interest in ''White Biotechnology'' and ''Red Biotechnology''. The emphasis is on processes employing microorganisms, eukaryotic cell cultures or enzymes for the biosynthesis, transformation and degradation of compounds. This includes fine and bulk chemicals, polymeric compounds and enzymes or other proteins. Downstream processes are also considered. Integrated processes combining biochemical and chemical processes are also published.
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