Effects of simulated gastric acid ageing on Martens hardness of denture base resins fabricated using different techniques.

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2026.06.020

Abdulaziz Alhotan, Ahmed Altarazi, Shaymaa Mudhaffer, Hanan Al-Johani, Nick Silikas

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease exposes denture base resins to acidic conditions that may compromise their mechanical properties. This study assessed the effect of simulated gastric acid ageing on the Martens parameters of heat-polymerised, CAD/CAM milled, and 3D-printed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

Methods: Three denture base resins were investigated: heat-polymerised (Lucitone 199), CAD/CAM milled (G-CAM), and 3D-printed (Denturetec). Specimens (n = 5 per group) were aged in artificial saliva (pH 5.5) or simulated gastric acid (pH 1.2) at 37°C for 24 and 96 h, corresponding to approximately 2.5 and 10 years of clinical exposure. Martens indentation testing was performed, and the following parameters were measured; Martens hardness (H_M), indentation depth (I_D), indentation modulus (E_IT), and creep indentation (C_IT). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results: Resin type significantly affected all Martens parameters (p < 0.001), with milled resin exhibiting the highest H_M and E_IT values and 3D-printed resin showing the highest I_D values. Ageing solvent significantly impacted H_M, I_D, and E_IT (p ≤ 0.049). Gastric acid exposure caused significant deterioration in Martens parameters, particularly at 96 h. Heat-polymerised and milled PMMA exhibited significant differences between solvents at specific time points, whereas 3D-printed resins remained largely unaffected by the ageing solvent.

Significance: These findings suggest that material selection based on fabrication technique may influence denture longevity in patients with chronic acid exposure, such as those with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or eating disorders. The immersion-to-clinical time equivalence represents an approximation based on previously published accelerated ageing models and should be interpreted as a standardised testing protocol rather than an exact clinical simulation.

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模拟胃酸老化对不同工艺制作的义齿基托树脂马氏硬度的影响

目的：胃食管反流病使义齿基树脂暴露在酸性条件下，可能损害其机械性能。本研究评估了模拟胃酸老化对热聚合、CAD/CAM研磨和3d打印聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）的马丁斯参数的影响。方法：研究三种义齿基托树脂：热聚合树脂（Lucitone 199）、CAD/CAM铣制树脂（G-CAM）和3d打印树脂（Denturetec）。在37°C的人工唾液（pH 5.5）或模拟胃酸（pH 1.2）中老化24和96 h（每组n = 5个），相当于大约2.5年和10年的临床暴露。进行马丁氏压痕试验，测量以下参数；马氏硬度（HM）、压痕深度（ID）、压痕模量（EIT）和蠕变压痕（CIT）。数据分析采用双因素方差分析和Tukey事后检验（α = 0.05）。结果：树脂类型显著影响所有Martens参数（p ）M和EIT值，3d打印树脂的ID值最高。老化溶剂显著影响HM、ID和EIT （p ≤ 0.049）。胃酸暴露导致Martens参数显著恶化，特别是在96 h时。在特定时间点，热聚合和研磨PMMA在溶剂之间表现出显著差异，而3d打印树脂在很大程度上不受溶剂老化的影响。意义：这些发现表明，基于制作技术的材料选择可能会影响慢性酸暴露患者，如胃食管反流病或饮食失调患者的义齿寿命。浸入到临床的等效时间是基于先前发表的加速衰老模型的近似值，应被解释为标准化测试方案，而不是精确的临床模拟。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Dental Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

10.00%

发文量

290

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications. Academy of Dental Materials members click here to register for free access to Dental Materials online. The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology. Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.