IFAA Recommendations for good practice for the donation and anatomical study of human remains (revised 2026)

Abstract

The study of human anatomy is foundational to education and research in the anatomical and health sciences. In 2012, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) first published Recommendations to promote ethical practice in the acquisition of human remains for this purpose. In the intervening period, increased awareness of contemporary ethical issues and challenges in the discipline have made revision necessary. These revised Recommendations update and expand prior guidance to reflect evolving sociocultural expectations and technological developments, including revisions that address new concerns such as the international transfer of human remains. The 2026 Recommendations, developed by the Federative International Committee for Ethics and Medical Humanities (FICEM) of the IFAA, provide an updated framework to assist institutions in strengthening or establishing body donation programs to meet contemporary international ethical expectations. They also acknowledge that institutions may acquire human remains through avenues other than body donation programs, incorporating guidance around multiple aspects of good practice where use of human remains occurs. Through the use of these revised Recommendations, it is hoped the global anatomy community can continue to develop and apply ethical practices while promoting and supporting the sustainable use of human remains in anatomical education and research.