High-starch diet promotes growth and slaughter performance in Holstein bulls while enhancing intramuscular fat deposition and improving meat quality

IF 8.3 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Nutrition Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI:10.1016/j.aninu.2026.02.008

Haoqi Han, Chunxiao Dong, Liqin Ma, Yanjun Shen, Weixuan Tang, Xiaojing Liu, Yangyi Hao, Wei Wang, Yanfen Ma, Shengli Li

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Abstract

Owing to the increasing global demand for high-quality beef, Holstein bulls are an important beef production resource despite their inferior meat quality. As high-starch diets can enhance intramuscular fat deposition and improve meat quality, the effects of varying starch levels on growth, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation, and slaughter performance including meat quality, and amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles in the longissimus lumborum muscle of finishing Holstein bulls were evaluated. In a randomized block design, 45 fifteen-month-old Holstein bulls (initial body weight: 501.5 ± 4.86 kg) were allocated to three dietary treatments containing 35% (35S), 40% (40S), or 45% (45S) starch in a randomized block design. Each treatment consisted of 15 bulls, organized into three replicates per group with five bulls per replicate. The feeding trial lasted 3 months prior to slaughter (six bulls per group were selected for slaughter evaluation). Average daily gain of dairy bulls in the 40S group tended to be higher than that in the 45S group (P = 0.093), and dry matter intake linearly decreased with increasing dietary starch level (P = 0.044). Serum malondialdehyde (P = 0.075), lipopolysaccharide (P = 0.012), and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.022) increased linearly with increasing dietary starch level. Rumen pH decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing starch level, whereas propionate (P = 0.005), butyrate (P = 0.003), and total volatile FA (P = 0.030) increased linearly. The 40S group exhibited higher carcass yield (P = 0.027) and larger ribeye area (P = 0.036) than both 35S and 45S groups. The intramuscular fat content and lipid droplet area were similar between the 35S and 40S groups, but greater in the 40S group than in the 45S group (P = 0.048). The shear force was lower in 35S and 40S groups than that in 45S group (P = 0.010). Both 35S and 40S groups also had altered AA profiles and higher saturated, monounsaturated, and total FA contents relative to 45S group (P < 0.05). Thus, 35%-40% starch diets improved growth and slaughter performance in Holstein bulls while enhancing rumen fermentation status and promoting IMF deposition for better meat quality.

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高淀粉饲粮促进荷斯坦公牛生长和屠宰性能，同时增加肌内脂肪沉积，改善肉质

由于全球对优质牛肉的需求不断增加，尽管荷斯坦公牛的肉质较差，但仍是重要的牛肉生产资源。鉴于高淀粉饲粮能促进肌内脂肪沉积，改善肉品质，本试验旨在研究不同淀粉水平对荷斯坦育肥牛生长、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵和屠宰性能（包括肉品质）以及腰最长肌氨基酸（AA）和脂肪酸（FA）的影响。采用随机区组设计，选取45头15月龄荷斯坦公牛（初始体重：501.5±4.86 kg），按随机区组设计，分别饲喂淀粉含量为35% （35S）、40% （40S）和45% （45S）的饲粮。每个处理15头公牛，分为3个重复，每个重复5头公牛。饲喂期为屠宰前3个月（每组选取6头进行屠宰评价）。40S组奶牛平均日增重有高于45S组的趋势（P = 0.093），干物质采食量随饲粮淀粉水平的增加呈线性降低（P = 0.044）。血清丙二醛（P = 0.075）、脂多糖（P = 0.012）和肿瘤坏死因子-α (P = 0.022)随饲粮淀粉水平的升高呈线性升高。随着淀粉水平的升高，瘤胃pH呈线性降低（P < 0.001），而丙酸（P = 0.005）、丁酸（P = 0.003）和总挥发性FA （P = 0.030）呈线性升高。与35S和45S组相比，40S组胴体产量更高（P = 0.027），肋眼面积更大（P = 0.036）。35S组和40S组肌内脂肪含量和脂滴面积相似，但40S组高于45S组（P = 0.048）。35S组和40S组的剪切力低于45S组（P = 0.010）。与45S组相比，35S组和40S组AA谱也发生了变化，饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量均高于45S组（P < 0.05）。由此可见，35% ~ 40%淀粉饲粮改善了荷斯坦公牛的生长和屠宰性能，同时提高了瘤胃发酵状态，促进了IMF沉积，提高了肉质。

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来源期刊

Animal Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

3.20%

发文量

172

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Animal Nutrition encompasses the full gamut of animal nutritional sciences and reviews including, but not limited to, fundamental aspects of animal nutrition such as nutritional requirements, metabolic studies, body composition, energetics, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, genetics and molecular and cell biology related to nutrition, and more applied aspects of animal nutrition, such as raw material evaluation, feed additives, nutritive value of novel ingredients and feed safety.