Ahmed Z I Shehata, Magdy A A Ayad, Abdulnassar A Alteab, Ahmed N G Abdel-Aziz, Mohamed A M Shahat, Raafat M Shaapan
{"title":"Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, <i>Anopheles sergentii</i> (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"Ahmed Z I Shehata, Magdy A A Ayad, Abdulnassar A Alteab, Ahmed N G Abdel-Aziz, Mohamed A M Shahat, Raafat M Shaapan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Anopheles sergentii</i> is regarded as a significant vector-borne insect such as malaria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This work sought to investigate the efficacy of silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs) produced from aqueous extracts of <i>Cestrum nocturnum</i> and <i>Salvia malticaulis</i> against various immature stages of <i>An. sergentii.</i></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures of generated AgNPs and CuNPs indicated that the diameters of the nanoparticles varied from 8.39 to 113.68 nm for AgNPs and from 12.05 to 66.45 nm for CuNPs, respectively. The efficacy of synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs against various immature stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> was estimated after 24 and 48 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The UV-vis Spectrophotometric analysis findings for both AgNPs and CuNPs exhibited a single absorption peak within the 300-400 nm region, signifying the existence of spherical AgNPs and CuNPs. The efficacy of the produced AgNPs and CuNPs against the immature stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> escalated with higher concentrations of the tested nanoparticles. Calculated LC<sub>50</sub> values indicate that AgNPs and CuNPs produced from the aqueous extract of <i>Cestrum nocturnum</i> leaves were more effective against various stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> than those against <i>Sa. malticaulis.</i> In addition, the tested AgNPs were more effective against <i>An. sergentii</i> different immature stages than CuNPs. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <i>Ce. nocturnum-</i> AgNPs against immature stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> recorded 13.93 and 13.18 mg/l against first instar larvae, 15.0 and 14.22 mg/l against second instar larvae, 17.06 and 14.31 mg/l against third instar larvae, 17.24 and 14.32 mg/l against fourth instar larvae, 17.56 and 14.82 mg/l against pupae after 24- and 48-hours post-treatment, respectively. In addition, a depression in Acetylcholinesterase level in <i>An. sergentii</i> different immature stages were recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>Ce. nocturnum</i> and <i>Sa. malticaulis -</i> synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs possess a significant activity against <i>An. sergentii</i> immature stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2869-2882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314347/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Open Veterinary Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/5/31 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Anopheles sergentii is regarded as a significant vector-borne insect such as malaria.
Aim: This work sought to investigate the efficacy of silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs) produced from aqueous extracts of Cestrum nocturnum and Salvia malticaulis against various immature stages of An. sergentii.
Methods: The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures of generated AgNPs and CuNPs indicated that the diameters of the nanoparticles varied from 8.39 to 113.68 nm for AgNPs and from 12.05 to 66.45 nm for CuNPs, respectively. The efficacy of synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs against various immature stages of An. sergentii was estimated after 24 and 48 hours.
Results: The UV-vis Spectrophotometric analysis findings for both AgNPs and CuNPs exhibited a single absorption peak within the 300-400 nm region, signifying the existence of spherical AgNPs and CuNPs. The efficacy of the produced AgNPs and CuNPs against the immature stages of An. sergentii escalated with higher concentrations of the tested nanoparticles. Calculated LC50 values indicate that AgNPs and CuNPs produced from the aqueous extract of Cestrum nocturnum leaves were more effective against various stages of An. sergentii than those against Sa. malticaulis. In addition, the tested AgNPs were more effective against An. sergentii different immature stages than CuNPs. The LC50 values of Ce. nocturnum- AgNPs against immature stages of An. sergentii recorded 13.93 and 13.18 mg/l against first instar larvae, 15.0 and 14.22 mg/l against second instar larvae, 17.06 and 14.31 mg/l against third instar larvae, 17.24 and 14.32 mg/l against fourth instar larvae, 17.56 and 14.82 mg/l against pupae after 24- and 48-hours post-treatment, respectively. In addition, a depression in Acetylcholinesterase level in An. sergentii different immature stages were recorded.
Conclusion: The Ce. nocturnum and Sa. malticaulis - synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs possess a significant activity against An. sergentii immature stages.
期刊介绍：
Open Veterinary Journal is a peer-reviewed international open access online and printed journal that publishes high-quality original research articles. reviews, short communications and case reports dedicated to all aspects of veterinary sciences and its related subjects. Research areas include the following: Infectious diseases of zoonotic/food-borne importance, applied biochemistry, parasitology, endocrinology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, epidemiology, molecular biology, immunogenetics, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, oncology and animal reproduction. All papers are peer-reviewed. Moreover, with the presence of well-qualified group of international referees, the process of publication will be done meticulously and to the highest standards.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
