Behavior of Metal with Shape Memory Effect and Superelasticity under Deformation

Abstract

Ti–Ni-based alloys can undergo significant pseudoplastic deformation and fully restore their original shape when temperature or mechanical conditions change. These characteristics determine their wide application in the agro-industrial complex, aerospace, energy, and other fields. (Research Purpose) This study aims to investigate how the thermomechanical properties of Ti- and Ni-based materials are affected by various deformation and temperature conditions. (Materials and Methods) Experimental methods are used to study the mechanical characteristics of titanium nickelide and to analyze its thermomechanical properties, phase transitions, and structural changes. Diagrams showing the relationship between material properties and deformation modes and external conditions are obtained. (Results and Discussion) The behavior of the material in the martensitic and austenitic states is studied. The influence of various loads and temperatures on deformation is analyzed. Experiments establish the temperature and stress ranges within which the maximum values of the shape memory effect and superelasticity are achieved. The formation of defects in the structure of the material and the effect of nickel content on the studied effects are described. (Conclusions) The optimal heat treatment modes for maximizing the shape memory and superelasticity effects in Ti–Ni alloys are determined. Optimizing aging and quenching modes provides accurate control of critical temperatures of phase transformations, allowing for the purposeful adjustment of the material’s functional properties. The significant influence of intergranular interactions and intermetallic phases on mechanical characteristics is proven, creating a scientific basis for developing new composite materials with improved properties. Practical recommendations for heat treating Ti–Ni alloys are formulated to adapt them to specific operational requirements and technological tasks.