Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and their association with isocyanate and epoxy exposure in industrial painters

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-26 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114854

Paridhi Patel, Anila Bello, Natalia Palacios, Dhimiter Bello

{"title":"Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and their association with isocyanate and epoxy exposure in industrial painters","authors":"Paridhi Patel, Anila Bello, Natalia Palacios, Dhimiter Bello","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114854","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Industrial painters (IPs) are routinely exposed to complex mixtures of reactive chemicals, including isocyanates and epoxy resins used in metal coating systems and spray polyurethane foam (SPF) applicators. Oxidative stress (OS), resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, is a key mechanism of toxic injury linked to numerous diseases like cancer, asthma, dermatitis, and neurotoxicity. However, data on OS markers among IPs are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize urinary OS biomarker concentrations in IPs and SPF applicators and evaluate their associations with urinary biomarkers of isocyanate and epoxy exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pre- and post-shift urine samples were collected from 50 workers applying either isocyanate-based top-coats or epoxy-based mid-coats and SPF. Nine urinary OS biomarkers were analyzed to reflect DNA/RNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8OHdG], 8-hydroxyguanosine [8OHG], 5-hydroxymethyluracil [5OHMeU]), protein oxidation (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine), and lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE], malondialdehyde [MnDAI]). Associations between OS and exposure biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusted for creatinine and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Top-coat painters exhibited significant post-shift increases in 8OHdG, 8OHG, and 3-nitrotyrosine, whereas o-tyrosine and 4-HNE decreased. After adjustment, 8OHdG was positively associated with isocyanate (top-coat) and epoxy (mid-coat) exposure, while 4-HNE was inversely associated with isocyanate exposure. Workers with severe dehydration (specific gravity >1.030) had significantly higher composite OS scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exposure to reactive coating formulations in IPs and SPF induces measurable oxidative stress, likely via multiple mechanisms, including depletion of the antioxidant pools, impaired antioxidant defenses and direct attack on sensitive biomolecules. Elevated urinary OS biomarkers and their association with exposure metrics highlight the need for improved exposure controls and increased risk of chronic disease development in this workforce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 114854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463926001148","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/6/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Industrial painters (IPs) are routinely exposed to complex mixtures of reactive chemicals, including isocyanates and epoxy resins used in metal coating systems and spray polyurethane foam (SPF) applicators. Oxidative stress (OS), resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, is a key mechanism of toxic injury linked to numerous diseases like cancer, asthma, dermatitis, and neurotoxicity. However, data on OS markers among IPs are limited.

Objectives

To characterize urinary OS biomarker concentrations in IPs and SPF applicators and evaluate their associations with urinary biomarkers of isocyanate and epoxy exposure.

Methods

Pre- and post-shift urine samples were collected from 50 workers applying either isocyanate-based top-coats or epoxy-based mid-coats and SPF. Nine urinary OS biomarkers were analyzed to reflect DNA/RNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8OHdG], 8-hydroxyguanosine [8OHG], 5-hydroxymethyluracil [5OHMeU]), protein oxidation (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine), and lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE], malondialdehyde [MnDAI]). Associations between OS and exposure biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusted for creatinine and age.

Results

Top-coat painters exhibited significant post-shift increases in 8OHdG, 8OHG, and 3-nitrotyrosine, whereas o-tyrosine and 4-HNE decreased. After adjustment, 8OHdG was positively associated with isocyanate (top-coat) and epoxy (mid-coat) exposure, while 4-HNE was inversely associated with isocyanate exposure. Workers with severe dehydration (specific gravity >1.030) had significantly higher composite OS scores.

Conclusions

Exposure to reactive coating formulations in IPs and SPF induces measurable oxidative stress, likely via multiple mechanisms, including depletion of the antioxidant pools, impaired antioxidant defenses and direct attack on sensitive biomolecules. Elevated urinary OS biomarkers and their association with exposure metrics highlight the need for improved exposure controls and increased risk of chronic disease development in this workforce.

查看原文本刊更多论文

工业画家尿液氧化应激生物标志物及其与异氰酸酯和环氧树脂暴露的关系。

背景：工业油漆工（ip）经常暴露于复杂的反应性化学物质混合物中，包括金属涂层系统中使用的异氰酸酯和环氧树脂以及喷涂聚氨酯泡沫（SPF）涂抹器。氧化应激（OS）是由活性氧和抗氧化防御之间的不平衡引起的，是与癌症、哮喘、皮炎和神经毒性等许多疾病相关的毒性损伤的关键机制。然而，关于ip之间OS标记的数据是有限的。目的：表征IPs和SPF涂抹者尿液OS生物标志物浓度，并评估其与异氰酸酯和环氧树脂暴露尿液生物标志物的关系。方法：采集50名工人班前和班后尿液样本，分别涂上异氰酸酯基面漆或环氧树脂基中漆和SPF。分析9种尿OS生物标志物，以反映DNA/RNA损伤（8-羟基-2′-脱氧鸟苷[8OHdG]、8-羟基鸟苷[8OHG]、5-羟甲基尿嘧啶[5OHMeU]）、蛋白质氧化（o-酪氨酸、3-氯酪氨酸、3-硝基酪氨酸）和脂质过氧化（8-异前列腺酸、4-羟基壬烯醛[4-HNE]、丙二醛[MnDAI]）。使用校正肌酐和年龄的多变量线性回归评估OS和暴露生物标志物之间的关联。结果：面漆工人的8OHdG、8OHG和3-硝基酪氨酸在轮班后显著增加，而o-酪氨酸和4-HNE则下降。调整后，8OHdG与异氰酸酯（面漆）和环氧树脂（中漆）暴露呈正相关，而4-HNE与异氰酸酯暴露负相关。严重脱水（比重>1.030）的工人的综合OS得分明显较高。结论：暴露于IPs和SPF中的反应性涂层配方可诱导可测量的氧化应激，可能通过多种机制，包括抗氧化池的耗尽，抗氧化防御受损和对敏感生物分子的直接攻击。尿OS生物标志物升高及其与暴露指标的关联突出了改善暴露控制和慢性疾病发展风险增加的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International journal of hygiene and environmental health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

5.00%

发文量

151

审稿时长

22 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.