Betaine Promotes Milk Protein Synthesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress Caused by NEFA in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cows.

IF 2.1 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary Medicine and Science Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI:10.1002/vms3.71065

Wenyan Yan, Xinyuan Sun, Huanjie Shi, Zhenwang Li, Wenhui Li, Xiaoxiao Gao, Jihong Dong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Fatty liver is highly prevalent in dairy cows and poses a significant challenge to the dairy industry by reducing both milk yield and quality, thereby inflicting substantial economic losses. Although dietary betaine supplementation has been demonstrated to enhance milk protein content, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the role of betaine in milk protein synthesis and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Blood, liver and mammary gland samples were obtained from healthy and fatty liver-affected bovines. The serum NEFA levels, oxidation and antioxidant enzyme systems and milk protein synthesis-related proteins expression were determined. In vitro, the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were pretreated with 25 mM betaine/10 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and then stimulated with NEFA.

Results: The results indicated an elevation in serum NEFA levels accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress (OS) and reduced protein levels related to milk protein synthesis (phosphorylated (p)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR, p-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1)/S6K1, p-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/JAK2, p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)/STAT5 and β-casein) in dairy cows with fatty liver. In vitro, the results revealed betaine decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxygen free radicals (OFR) contents, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the supernatant, but increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities; the reduced glutathione-to-oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio; and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC); and elevated protein levels related to milk protein synthesis in NEFA-treated BMECs.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that betaine reduces NEFA-induced OS and enhances milk protein synthesis, suggesting its potential as a nutritional intervention for enhancing milk protein content in dairy cows with metabolic disorders.

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甜菜碱通过缓解NEFA引起的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞氧化应激促进乳蛋白合成。

背景：脂肪肝在奶牛中非常普遍，对乳制品行业构成了重大挑战，降低了牛奶产量和质量，从而造成了巨大的经济损失。虽然膳食中补充甜菜碱已被证明可以提高牛奶中的蛋白质含量，但其潜在的分子机制仍有待充分阐明。目的：研究甜菜碱在乳蛋白合成中的作用及其机制。方法：分别取健康牛和脂肪肝牛的血液、肝脏和乳腺标本。测定血清NEFA水平、氧化和抗氧化酶系统及乳蛋白合成相关蛋白的表达。在体外，用25 mM甜菜碱/10 mM n -乙酰- l-半胱氨酸（NAC）预处理牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs），然后用NEFA刺激。结果：结果表明，脂肪肝奶牛血清NEFA水平升高，氧化应激（OS）增强，乳蛋白合成相关蛋白(雷帕霉素(mTOR)/mTOR磷酸化机制靶蛋白(p)、p-核糖体蛋白S6激酶1 (S6K1)/S6K1、p- janus激酶2 （JAK2)/JAK2、p-信号传导和转录激活因子5 (STAT5)/STAT5和β-酪蛋白）水平降低。结果表明，甜菜碱降低了上清液中过氧化氢（H2O2）、丙二醛（MDA）、氧自由基（OFR）含量和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性，提高了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和硫氧还蛋白还原酶（TrxR）活性；还原性谷胱甘肽与氧化性谷胱甘肽（GSH/GSSG）比值；总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）；nefa处理的bmec中与乳蛋白合成相关的蛋白质水平升高。结论：这些研究结果表明，甜菜碱可以降低nefa诱导的氧化应激，促进乳蛋白合成，表明甜菜碱可以作为一种营养干预手段，提高代谢紊乱奶牛的乳蛋白含量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary Medicine and Science Veterinary-General Veterinary

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

296

期刊介绍： Veterinary Medicine and Science is the peer-reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of veterinary medicine and science. The journal aims to serve the research community by providing a vehicle for authors wishing to publish interesting and high quality work in both fundamental and clinical veterinary medicine and science. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper. We aim to be a truly global forum for high-quality research in veterinary medicine and science, and believe that the best research should be published and made widely accessible as quickly as possible. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes papers submitted directly to the journal and those referred from a select group of prestigious journals published by Wiley-Blackwell. Veterinary Medicine and Science is a Wiley Open Access journal, one of a new series of peer-reviewed titles publishing quality research with speed and efficiency. For further information visit the Wiley Open Access website.