Autoshaped discrimination learning in chicks incubated under normobaric hyperoxia.

Abstract

White Leghorn chicken eggs were exposed to either 60% O2 or room air (21% O2) for the first 19 days of incubation. Chicks that hatched from these eggs were then tested in discrimination learning tasks in which keypecking was autoshaped to colored lights that were paired with either access to food (Experiment 1) or heat (Experiment 2). Chronic prenatal exposure to 60% O2 reduced hatchability but did not affect mean hatching time. Although previous research has shown that hyperoxic treatment accelerates growth in chick embryos until the 18th day of incubation, experimental chicks weighed either the same (Experiment 1) or less (Experiment 2) than controls at hatching. Prenatal exposure to hyperoxia depressed rate of acquisition, but not final performance level in both discrimination tasks. The initial performance deficit appeared to reflect a temporary depression of activity or arousal, possibly due to a relatively greater hypothermia in experimental chicks. This general pattern of results was attributed to premature depletion of essential nutrients within the egg as a result of oxygen-induced growth acceleration.